The case report describes the nursing experiences of promoting self-care of an elderly with a proximal femoral fracture by applying Orem's theory. The patient, who had a history of falling, suffered from lower limb pain, limited mobility, and anxiety about her treatment outcome and prognosis after surgery. Her family could offer only limited assistance once she returned home. By taking this opportunity, the authors were excited to trigger the motivation of the self-care and to promote the self-care ability of this case during the period of nursing care (from September 24, 2014 to October 12, 2014). Observation, interviews, physical assessment, and medical record reviews were used to gather information. Several health problems were identified, including acute pain, self-care deficits, and anxiety. For the three major health problems, the authors applied Orem's self-care nursing theory and professional staff team collaboration to enhance the patient's self-care ability at all health levels, including strategies to ease pain, anxiety, and interventions to minimize movement disabilities. The authors also worked with her to improve both her motivation to achieve rehabilitation and her confidence regarding her self-care abilities. The authors hope that this study may be used as a reference in similar conditions. Early assessment for self-care skills of elderly orthopedic patients can lead to improve self-care and enhance the quality of postoperative care of patients.