本研究目的在了解國小學童參與學校運動性社團的參與動機與學習成就表現之差異，探索影響學童參與運動性社團的因素。本研究以380位參與國小運動性社團的四ヽ五ヽ六年級學生為對象，採用修改並經專家效度考驗後之參與動機、學習滿意度等量表進行問卷調查。進行資料分析，得到以下研究結果:國小學童參與運動性社團動機，對學習成就具有正面影響，參與動機之「技能需求」、「心靈需求」、「社會需求」及「自我成就需求」可正向影響學習成就。因此，國小學童運動性社團參與動機對學習成就有影響力，提高學童參與動機對課後社團學習有很大的受益，學校推廣運動性社團時，若以運動性社團活動可以拓展人際領域為號召，增加參與運動性社團意願，增加運動性社團經費改善運動場所的設備，提昇學校運動性社團參與風氣，進而增進運動性社團參與者的學習成就。

The purpose of this study is to understand the differences in participation motivation and learning achievement performance of primary school children participating in school sports associations, and to explore the factors that affect the participation of schoolchildren in sports associations. In this study, 380 students of 4th and 5th and 6th grades who participated in the National Sports Association for the Sick and Small Children were surveyed using questionnaires that were revised and tested for expert effectiveness, such as participation motivation and learning satisfaction. After the statistical analysis of the collected data, the following results are obtained: The ＂skills demand＂, ＂spiritual needs＂, ＂social needs＂ and ＂self-achievement needs＂ involved in motivation can positively influence learning achievement. Therefore, the motivation of participation in sports associations of elementary and middle school children has an impact on learning achievement. Improving the motivation of students' participation will greatly benefit after-school club learning. When schools promote sports associations, if sports associations activities can be used to expand the interpersonal field as The call to increase the willingness to participate in sports associations , increase the funding for sports associations, improve equipment in sports venues, increase the participation atmosphere of school sports associations, and thereby improve the learning achievements of sports associations participants.