Based on James Coleman's social capital theory, this article examined the contributions of home-based and school-based social capital on students' life satisfaction and physical and mental health in Hong Kong. Data were collected in 2020 from the international study of "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" (HBSC) in Hong Kong. A total of 5,307 student of 11, 13, 15 years old from 21 primary schools and 19 secondary schools participated in the study. Results indicated that although Hong Kong students consistently showed outstanding academic performance in many international studies, the life satisfaction and self-rated health of Hong Kong students were consistently lower than the international average. Students' psychological symptoms were more serious than their physiological symptoms. Results from regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for student and family background factors, social capital created at home and in school had significant effects on students' life satisfaction and three health indicators; the effects of social capital are generally stronger than the background factors. These findings imply that parents' emotional support, teachers' concern, classmates and peers' inclusiveness are important social capitals for improving life satisfaction and health of students. Further analysis indicated that the positive effect of home-school social capital on student's life satisfaction might be mediated by improving student's self-rated health, physiological and psychological symptoms.