During the Ming Dynasty, there were various minorities grouped and lived on the Southwestern region of the Chinese territory. The Ming Court appointed many "Tu-Tze( 土司 )" to rule their own tribes and people. The "Tu-Tze", who was an aboriginal chieftain acknowledged by the Ming court, the head of its local border government who took charge of all his border tribes' matters. By so doing, the aboriginal chieftains came undre government ju- risdiction (改土歸流 ) rather than a co-governing situation with both aboriginal chief- tains and government officials (流土合治) like before. This article offers analysis on this transition from the military, political and cultural angles. Under this "Tu-Tze" system, the Ming Empire had great achievements toward the following:(1) The establishment of Kwei-Chow province. (2) Significant contri- bution to the defense power from those border tribal soldiers. (3) The successful development of Yuen-Nan and Kwei-Chow area. Throughout two hundred and seventyseven years of Ming's jurisdiction, the South-western territory had become a new habitalbe area in China which brought about a positive influence on her future development.