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題名:美國最高法院司法審查權的弔詭
書刊名:東海學報
作者:任冀平 引用關係
出版日期:1993
卷期:34
頁次:頁311-326
主題關鍵詞:司法審查權美國最高法院
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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     美國最高法院的司法審查權不同於美國總統的否決權,美國總統若否決國會參 眾兩院通過的法案,國會還可以兩院三分之二的多數反否決。但是美國最高法院若 行使司法審查權否決國會兩院制定的法律,國會並不能以兩院三分之二的多數反否 決,只能提案修憲。為何在民主政治之下,少數任命產生的法官可以否決多數民選 議員所制定的法律?難道法官比民代更明白人民的立法旨意(或立憲旨意)?此乃美 國最高法院司法審查權的弔詭之處。美國最高法大法官何姆斯(Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.)認為美國最高法院的司法審查權不在否決國會多數制定的法律,而 在節制各州政府權力的行使,以維繫美國聯邦政府的有效統治。然而經過百年來實 際政治的運作,今日美國最高法院的司法審查權卻成為防止美國國會違憲擴權,保 障美國人民自由權利的政治工具(political instrument)。
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