英語語言性別變異與英語教學--從女性主義者批判英語談起_

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題名：	英語語言性別變異與英語教學--從女性主義者批判英語談起
書刊名：	師大學報
作者：	黃自來
作者(外文)：	Huang, Tzyh-lai
出版日期：	1996
卷期：	41
頁次：	頁227-262
主題關鍵詞：	英語教學；性別歧視語言；語言與性別；英語性別變異；English language teaching；Sexist language；Language and gender；Sexism in English
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(1) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:36

　　　　　本文試從女性主義者以語言為社會與文化機器之論點，揭示英語語言反映男女兩性差異之現象，解析性別歧視之定義、肇因與例證，並針對女性主義者批判英語之效應，省察國內英語教學因應之道。冀期了解英語語言性別變異了歷史沿革後，亦能從眾說紛紜之兩性話語風格論述中，辨別「事實」與「意見」、「定型」與「概化」、「研究假設」與「研究發現」，進而使用無性別歧視之英語用語。

以文找文

　　　　　This paper explores educational advantage of the interest in sex-linked language generated by the women's movement and carefully examines the issues raised by feminists. After a brief introduction reviewing the recent history of lauguage and gender, sex variation in English is explored from the perspectives of sexism in language, the use of language, and conversational strategies. Sex variation is then discussed in terms of (1) the effects of the feminist critique on English and (2) activities for teaching about sex variation in English. It is hoped that Chinese teachers of English will be able to distinguish between fact and opinoin, stereotype and generalization, hypothesis and research findings and at the same time to help their students avoid using words and expressions that are no longer acceptable to many people and organizations.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	黃自來(1995)。Variations in Modern English Usage。Secondary Education，46(2)，4-14。
2.	Kelly, Alison(1982)。Why Girls Don’t Like Sciences。New Scientist，20。
3.	Kelly, Alison(1988)。Gdnder differences in Teaching Pupil Interactions: A Meta-Analytic View。Research in Education，9。
4.	LouDubois, Betty、Crouch, Isabel(1975)。The Question of Tag Question in Women’s Speech: They don’t Really Use More or Them。Language in Society，4。
5.	Marrow, William(1990)。Gender Difference in Topical Comments: Creating Involving in Best Friends’s Talk。Discoursal Process，13(1)。
6.	Martyna, W.(1978)。Why Does "He" Mean? Use of the Generic Masculine。European Journal of Communication，28，131-138。
7.	Oxford University Gazette。Oxford University Gazette，120(4301)/124(4305)。
8.	Porreca, Karen L.(1984)。Sexism in Current ESL Textbooks。TESOL Quarterly，18(4)，705-724。
9.	Stanley, J.(1978)。The Sexist Tradition: Words and Meaning。Iowa English Bulletin，27，5-10。

研究報告
1.	HMSO(1982)。Equality Opportunity Commission: Seven Annual Report。

圖書
1.	Lakoff, R. T.(1975)。Language and women's place。New York：Harper Colophon Books。
2.	Calvocoressi, Peter(1985)。Feminism and Linguistic Theory。London：Macmillan。
3.	Eisenstein, Hester(1984)。Contemporary Feminist Thought。London：G. Allen & Unwin。
4.	Jespersen, Otto(1922)。Language: Its Nature, Development and Origin。New York。
5.	Coates, Jennifer(1986)。Women, men, and language: A sociolinguistic account of sex differences in language。Longman。
6.	Tannen, Deborah(1984)。Conversational style: analyzing talk among friends。Norwood, NJ：Ablex。
7.	Tannen, Deborah(1990)。You just don’t understand: women and men in conversation。New York, NY：William Morrow。
8.	Whyld. J.(1983)。Sexism in Secondary School。London：Harper & Row Publishers。
9.	McConnell-Ginet, Sally(1988)。Language and Gender。Linguistics: the Cambridge Survey。Cambridge。
10.	Banks, Oliver(1981)。Faces of Feminism。Faces of Feminism。Oxford。
11.	Bolinger, Dwight(1981)。Language: The Loaded Weapon。Language: The Loaded Weapon。London。
12.	Vetterlinger, Braggin Mary(1981)。Sexist Language。Sexist Language。Lotowa, N. J.。
13.	Brophy, J.(1985)。Interactions of Male and Female Students with Male and Female Teachers。Gender Differences in Classroom Interaction。Grando, Florida。
14.	Cameron, Deborah(1990)。The Feminist Critique of Language。The Feminist Critique of Language。London。
15.	Coates, Jennifer、Cameron, Deborah(1989)。Women in Their Speech Communities: New Perspectives on Language and Sex。Women in Their Speech Communities: New Perspectives on Language and Sex。London。
16.	Eakins, B.、Eakins, G.(1978)。Sex Differences in Human Communication。Sex Differences in Human Communication。Boston。
17.	Flexner, B. Stuart(1976)。Preface to Dictionary of American Slangs。Preface to Dictionary of American Slangs。New York。
18.	Frye, Marilyn(1975)。Male Chauvinism-A Critical Analysis。Philosophy and Sex。Buffalo。
19.	Glazier, Stephen(1992)。Random house Word Meun。Random house Word Meun。New York。
20.	黃自來(1994)。Explorations in the English Language。Explorations in the English Language。Taipei。
21.	Macaulay, R.(1977)。Language and Social Class and Education: A Glasgow Study。Language and Social Class and Education: A Glasgow Study。
22.	Maltz, Daniel N.、Borler, R.(1982)。A Critical Approach to Male and Female Miscommunication。Language and Social Identity。Oxford。
23.	Marrow, William(1989)。Talking Voices: Repetition, Dialogue and Imagery in Conversational Discoure。Talking Voices: Repetition, Dialogue and Imagery in Conversational Discoure。Cambridge。
24.	McConnell-Ginet, S.(1983)。Intonation in Man’s World。Language, Gender and Society。Rowley Mass。
25.	Miller, C.、Switch, K.(1976)。Words and Women in New Language in New Time。Words and Women in New Language in New Time。Garden City, N. Y.。
26.	Millet, Kate(1971)。Sextural Politics。Sextural Politics。London。
27.	Newmeyer, F. J.(1988)。Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey(Vol. 4)。Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey(Vol. 4)。Cambridge。
28.	Niksen, A. P.、Bosmajian, H.、Gersburye, J. L.、Standley, J. N.(1977)。Sexism and Language。Sexism and Language。Urbana, Ill。
29.	NUJ(1993)。Equality Style Guide。Equality Style Guide。London。
30.	O’Bare, W. M.、Alkin, B. K.(1993)。Women’s Language or Powerless Language。Women and Language in Literature and Society。New York。
31.	Philips, Swan U.、Stele, Swan、Tanz, Christine(1987)。Language, Gender and Sex in Comparative Perspectives。Language, Gender and Sex in Comparative Perspectives。Cambridge。
32.	Romaine, Suzanne(1978)。Postvocalic /r/ in Scottish English: Some Change in Progress?。Sociolinguistic Patterns in British English。London。
33.	Romaine, Suzanne(1994)。Language and Gender. Language in Society: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics。Language and Gender. Language in Society: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics。Oxford。
34.	Rowbotham, Sheila(1974)。Woman’s Consciousness, man’s World。Woman’s Consciousness, man’s World。London。
35.	Schutlz, Murie B.(1975)。The Semantic Derogation of Women。Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance。Rowley Mass。
36.	Shute, Sara(1981)。Sexist Language and Sexism。Sexist Language。Lotowa, N. J.。
37.	Smith, Philip M.(1985)。Language, Sexes and Society。Language, Sexes and Society。Oxford。
38.	Spender, Dale(1982)。Invisible Women: The School Scandal。Invisible Women: The School Scandal。London。
39.	Spender, Dale(1984)。Defining Reality: A Powerful Tool。Language and Power。Berverly Hills, California。
40.	Stanton, Elizabeth Cady(1895)。The Woman’s Bible。The Woman’s Bible。New York。
41.	Stein, J.、Flexner, Stuart B.(1984)。The Random House Thesaurus。The Random House Thesaurus。
42.	Tannen, Deborah(1986)。That’s not What I Mean? How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Your Relations with Others。That’s not What I Mean? How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Your Relations with Others。New York。
43.	Tannen, Deborah(1990)。Gender and Conversational Interaction。Gender and Conversational Interaction。New York。
44.	Thorne, Barrie、Henley, Nancy(1975)。Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance。Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance。Rowley Mass。
45.	Trudgill, Peter(1974)。The Social Differentiation of English in Norich。The Social Differentiation of English in Norich。Cambridge。
46.	Trudgill, Peter(1978)。Sociolinguistic Patterns in British English。Sociolinguistic Patterns in British English。London。
47.	Weeks, J.(1981)。Sex, Politics and Society。Sex, Politics and Society。London。
48.	Williams, L.、Marette, C.(1985)。Gender Differences in Classroom Interaction。Gender Differences in Classroom Interaction。Grando, Florida。

其他
1.	Marrow, William(1989)。Interpreting Interruption in Conversation。

圖書論文
1.	Cameron, D.、McAlinden, F.、O'Leary, K.(1988)。Lakoff in context: The social and linguistic functions of tag questions。Women and their speech communities: new perspectives on language and sex。Longman。
2.	Fishman, Pamela M.(1983)。Interaction: the work women do。Language, Gender and Society。Rowley, Mass：Heinle & Heinle。
3.	Graham, A.(1975)。The making of a nonsexist dictionary。Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance。Rowley, MA：Newbury House Publishers。

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