Why Solidarity Did Not Transform into Power--Explaining the Failure of the Strike at Eastern Airlines in 1989_

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題名：	Why Solidarity Did Not Transform into Power--Explaining the Failure of the Strike at Eastern Airlines in 1989
書刊名：	歐美研究
作者：	張晉芬
作者(外文)：	Chang, Chin-fen
出版日期：	1997
卷期：	27:1
頁次：	頁205-238
主題關鍵詞：	Deregulation；Strike；Labor solidarity；Decline of unionization；Eastern Airlines；Republican Administration；Pro-business；去管制化；罷工；工人團結；工會衰落；東方航空公司；共和黨政府；傾資方
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:5 點閱:13

　　　　　本文是以美國東方航空公司罷工失敗的例子，說明當勞工組織整體力量衰弱後，個別工會本身的團結並不足恃。由於不滿資方的工資縮減政策及經營方式，美國東方航空公司機師工會於 1989 年發起罷工，共有 8500 人參加。隨後由於飛行員和空服員的加入，使得參與罷工的人數高達 21000 人。在資方不願接受仲裁拒絕回到談判桌的情況下，行政部門的干預變成勞工所可依賴的最後屏障。由於缺乏民意及國會有利的支持，以及無法推動其他運輸工會採取同情性罷工的情況下，東方航空的工會終究未能促使親資方的共和黨政府採取對其有利的行動。罷工約於兩年後結束。東方航空公司的員工除了失業之外，一無所獲。作者主要指出，解除飛航管制及資方的強硬態度分別是促使罷工產生的遠因和近因；然而罷工的失敗，其實是反映工會力量的長期積弱不振。雖有總工會的認可和強力支持，但實質幫助卻相當有限。長久以來，美國工會所標榜的個人主義和經濟主義造成工會會員的比例下降及勞工大眾的疏離，並且也使其和政治運作機器的距離愈來愈遠。一方面工會對行政及立法部門的影響力不足，另一方面對會員和一般大眾也缺乏號召力，無法累積成社會壓力。因此即使參與此次罷工的勞工具有相當的決心，也表現了難得的團結，但最後仍然是功虧一簣。

以文找文

　　　　　After deregulation, the airline market became extremely competitive in the United States. Wage concessions were common practices in most major carriers. Being unsatisfied with the tough management and the proposed wage cuts, the machinists of Eastern Airlines went on strike, with the support of pilots and flight attendants, in 1989. The strike failed about two years later. The American unions have long lost the support of the working class because of their individualistic ideology. The Eastern strike showed a rare labor solidarity but did not transform into the workers' power.

以文找文

期刊論文
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圖書
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其他
1.	(19890320)。Eastern Turns on the 'No-Flying' Sign and Other Airlines May Move to Fill the Void But at Higher Prices。
2.	(19930412)。Unions Say Lorenzo Unfit, Plane Should not Fly。
3.	(19930201)。Unions Counter Airline Concession Demands。
4.	(19910610)。Turbulent Airline Bargaining Linked to Deregulation Flaws。
5.	(19910204)。Deregulation Blamed for Disintegrating Airline Industry。
6.	(19901126)。Eastern Airlines again Dodges Bullet in Bankruptcy Court。
7.	(19900723)。ALPA terms Eastern talks 'disappointing'。
8.	(19900430)。Unions Bargain with 'New' Eastern。
9.	(19900319)。Eastern Veto Override Vote。
10.	(19900305)。Federation upbraids Bush for Tilt to Lorenzo。
11.	(19900219)。Machinists Keep up Fight; Eastern Tries to Cut Losses。
12.	(19900108)。American Labor in the 1980s。
13.	(19890304)。Labor Rallies Support for Eastern Machinists。
14.	(19890401)。Myths vs. Facts。
15.	(19890401)。Standing tall at Eastern After 4 weeks。
16.	(19890614)。Labor Rights Pressed in Airline Provisions。
17.	(19890125)。Privatization Bid Threatens Security of Pension Plans。
18.	(19890301)。Eastern Sold, Negotiations in Tailspin。
19.	(19851005)。Transport Workers to Seek Safeguards for Airline Jobs。
20.	(19890328)。Taxas Air: Empire in Jeopardy。
21.	(19890320)。Lorenzo is Running out of Choices and Time。
22.	(19890624)。Flying against the Rules: America's Airlines Do Not Need Re-regulation. Letting in More Foreign Owners Would Help。
23.	(19890703)。A Soviet Election。
24.	(19890227)。America's Toughest Bosses。
25.	(19890810)。Market Place: A Good Deal? Yes, for Lorenzo。
26.	(19890328)。Needed Fast at Continental: Profits。
27.	(19890328)。Airline Expenses: Where the Money Goes。
28.	(19890325)。Picketing of Eastern is Curbed。
29.	(19890320)。Struggle between Eastern and Unions Enters a Crucial Phase。
30.	(19890319)。Strike at Pan Am is Threatened。
31.	(19890319)。Commuter Air Services Hurt by Eastern Strike。
32.	(19890317)。Pilots Assert Eastern Transferred Airport Slots before Bankruptcy。
33.	(19890309)。Rare Labor Unity: Strike is Renewing Unions' Solidarity, But Is Unlikely to End Their Decline。
34.	(19890308)。Justice Department Signals a Tougher Stand on Mergers by Airlines。
35.	(19890307)。An Hour's Pay: How Eastern Compares。
36.	(19890306)。The Railroads at Risk。
37.	(19890306)。High-Stake Strike: Seeking Control。
38.	(19890305)。Leader of Union at Center of Strike is Accustomed to Being in Spotlight。
39.	(19890303)。New Proposal Made by Eastern Airlines in Machinist Talks。
40.	(19890320)。Booing the boss: Labor blames Frank Lorenzo for Eastern's Crisis。
41.	(19951030)。The Battle to Revive U.S. Unions。
42.	(19890515)。Big Eagles and Sitting Ducks。
43.	(19890313)。Going for Broke at Eastern: The Strike Disrupts Travel and Could Bankrupt the Airline。
44.	(19951106)。What Have You Done for Us Lately? Labor's New Leaders Confront Old Problems。
45.	(19890322)。Labor's Bark Is Back, But Not Its Bite: Strikes Are Breaking Out All Over, But Weakened Unions Face an Uphill Struggle to Regain Wages and Benefits。

圖書論文
1.	焦興鎧(1994)。美國勞工組織與政黨關係之研究。美國政黨與利益團體。臺北：中央研究院歐美研究所。延伸查詢
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14.	Touraine, Alain(1986)。Unionism as a Social Movement。Unions in Transition: Entering the Second Century。San Francisco, California：Institute for Contemporary Studies Press。
15.	Troy, Leo(1986)。The Rise and Fall of American Trade Unions: The Labor Movement from FDR to RR。Unions in Transition: Entering the Second Century。San Francisco, California：ICS Press。

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