風險評估在美國聯邦政府日益受到重視，本研究主要係從風險評估的角度探討工 業區附近民眾究竟如何知覺環境污染的風險，環保當局應如制定免於污染風險的政策。研究 方法採以環境風險評鑑量表為基礎的心理計量分析，設計一套結構型問卷，隨機抽取520位 高雄縣市與苗栗縣石化工業區附近之居民進行調查。調查結果發現：公害社區民眾知覺環境 污染的類別順序為：廢氣黑煙、惡臭、水污染、固體廢棄物、噪音污染。同時，民眾相當不 滿意石化工廠與環保當局處理污染風險的態度。因此，我們建議環保當局應該制定環境風險 政策。最後，本研究將風險政策制定過程中所產生的問題與困境加以分析，並提出解決之道 ，希望能夠加強風險評估在環境政策上的應用。

　　　　　Risk assessment is receiving widespread attention in the US Federal government.This study analyzes how residents near industrial parks perceive environmental risks, and what are the problems and strategies to formulate a risk-free policy in Taiwan.The research method is psychometric analysis based on Environmental risk Rating scales. A structured questionnaire was designed to explore the perceived risks of environmental pollution. Roughly 520 residents were interviewed in the industrial zones of Kaohsiung and Miaoli county,southern of Taiwan. The three-stage risk assessment was described: risk identification, estimation, and evaluation. Research results indicated that residents near petrochemical industrial zones perecive a fairly medium level of environmental risk, and some of the indicators even reach high level. Threatening environmental hazards ranked increasingly were smoke, odor, water pollution, solid waste, and noise pllution. Results presented herein also indicate that residents are unsatisfied with petrochemical factories and the environmental agencies inability to implement their risk-free and pollution-avoidance policy. Accordingly, we recommend that the environmental policy-making process in the Republic of China on Taiwan include risk assessment methodology and procedure. Finally, the difficulties and problems encountered are discussed, along with strategies proposed policy actions to improve the utilization of risk assessment in environmental policy-making.