The rural economic restructuring of China has been strongly influenced by the development of township-village enterprises. Thus, the condition of TVEs reflects very much the rural economic vitality of China. The production value, employment and economic efficiency of TVEs at the county level of Jiangsu Province, China, are analyzed against the effects of geographical attributes and open door policies of the 1980s. Some policy implications and connotation for future rural industrial development can be drawn from the empirical results. In terms of policy effect, the open door policies of 1985 and 1988 have positive correlation with production value and employment of TVEs. Water transportation is one important geographical attribute that contributes positively to township-village enterprises. Being designated as city becomes a predicament for the development of township-village enterprises, but being located in southern Jiangsu proves to be beneficial for rural industrial development.