本文將探討貴州石門坎花苗族群在二十世紀初，面對西方傳教士、國民政府和當 地其他強勢族群時，如何通過宗教和教育的機制，建構和重構本土的族群認同和知識體系， 並從中獲取政治、社會和文化上更多的資源和權力。從而揭示過去被整合於「中華民族」旗 幟內的少數族群（ ethnic minorities ），需要被重新發掘和理解， 以探究中國人文化身 份的具體涵義，及拼合出構成現代民族國家的複雜歷史圖像。

　　　　　The objective of the article is not to decide who is "really" Miao, or to define a static, essential, primordial set of criteria for being a true Miao, but to identify what "Miao" has been meant in the Christian community in Shimenkan of Guizhou. Historically the Flowery Miao have constructed their identities by embracing Christianity in the early twentieth century and have had to reconstruct it after 1949. Dealing with the Western missionaries, the Chinese Republican government, and the local landlords, the Miao people in Shimenkan have attempted to reconcile both ethnic identity and Christian identity by developing education and the written language, which in turn signify them literately and culturally. Furthermore, the case of Shimenkan reveals the complicated process of intergrating ethnic minorities into the "Chinese" family and the construction of a new nation-state during the Republican era.