This article argues that the East Asian financial liberalization that took place in the 1980s have changed enterprise loan channel from a bank system to a capital market. This change decreases the capability of government financial control institutions while increasing the sources of capital. Therefore, when a state begins financial liberalization, it must also adjust its monitoring system simultaneously. This article exammines this relationship using Japan and South Korea as case studies. There are differences between Japan and South Korea's financial systems. Japan is a main bank system, while South Korea is a principal transactions bank system. Under financial liberalization, the former often faces bank crises, while the latter faces business crises. The primary reasons are debt default and improper investment.