In Alxa Banner of Inner Mongolia,camels play an important role in life and production of Mongolians who have survived in the harsh environment with the help of camels. For a long time,the interaction between Mongolians and camels has played an active role in maintaining the fragile ecological system of the area. Under the background of ecological civilization,in making and carrying out policies,the local environment knowledge should be taken into consideration and importance should be attached to the contributions of traditional knowledge to environmental sustainability.