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題名:樞紐設施原則之研究
作者:張長樹
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:法律學系
指導教授:蘇永欽
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2000
主題關鍵詞:競爭法反托拉斯法獨占濫用樞紐設施原則關鍵基本設備瓶頸設施拒絕交易網路結構產業competition lawantitrust lawmonopolizationessential facilities doctrinebottleneckrefusal to dealnetwork infrastructure
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(12) 博士論文(4) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:12
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:148
概略言之,樞紐設施原則意指:獨占者同時參與鄰接市場之競爭,而獨占者所掌握之樞紐設施係參進鄰接市場不可或缺之原素,則獨占者不得拒絕提供該樞紐設施予鄰接市場內之競爭者;設施是否具有樞紐性,係以產業競爭之觀點,判斷其對於鄰接市場競爭狀態所造成之缺陷,是否足以造成顯著傷害,且不能預期市場可自行調整回復競爭狀態,作為決定標準。當然各國競爭法上對此一原則的具體實踐內容,有所不同,呈現出不同的政策思考。
這項來自美國反托拉斯法上的法則,對於垂直整合的獨占者濫用其源自於樞紐設施的獨占力量,切斷上下游競爭者使用樞紐設施以參進市場之機會,妨害上下游市場的競爭時,課予獨占者應以平等條件與競爭者交易的義務。此一法則不同於傳統上競爭法對於違法行為科處罰款或刑罰之作法,亦非採取最激進的垂直解構之救濟方式。這樣的概念固然有其吸引人之處,但是卻潛藏著與市場機制所本的財產自由理念相衝突的危險,也因此樞紐設施原則在競爭法上出現時,總是不難發現它的反對者如影隨形。本文的第二章將整理介紹關於樞紐設施原則在競爭法上的理論及其具體的內容主張。
隨著管制改革的風潮,工業國家相繼在競爭法中確立了樞紐設施原則,作為管制改革後,競爭法因應新市場結構及剩餘獨占力的策略。當然,各國競爭法目標有所不同,也使得樞紐設施原則在各國競爭法上呈現不同的風貌。本文第三章選擇美國、歐體及澳洲這三個截然不同、各具特色的競爭法制,作為比較對象。基於外國法的經驗,本文第四章嘗試在我國的公平交易法上催生此一原則。
在各種產業的管制改革的過程中,樞紐設施原則在各國普遍地出現。但此種各別產業的競爭改革,潛藏著架空競爭法一般規範,或與一般規範相衝突的危機。因此,本文後半部將討論樞紐設施原則在這些產業改革過程中的實踐內容及其產生的問題。本文第五章詳細討論電信產業改革中的樞紐設施問題。我國正進行電信自由化,此一產業對於我國整體經濟競爭力有重大影響,電信業具有與其他網路結構產業不同的特色,即電信產業中經由樞紐設施所產生的商品服務最具多樣性,而其他網路結構產業雖然也有樞紐設施問題,但是基本上產品是單一的,例如電能、天然氣等,電信業的市場狀況較複雜,需要更多篇幅的處理。
本文第六章將整理其他產業中的樞紐設施問題,包含目前正進行民營化的電業、石油。在廿一世紀勢必成為競爭法待解決課題的電腦科技產業中的樞紐設施問題,亦將在此章中予以討論。
第七章為本文的結論。
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