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題名：泰國的軍人與文人關係
作者：陳佩修 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chen, Pei-Hsiu
校院名稱：國立政治大學
系所名稱：政治學系
指導教授：陳鴻瑜
學位類別：博士
出版日期：1999
主題關鍵詞：泰國；軍人與文人關係；泰國研究；軍事政變；泰王；官僚政體；市民社會；Thailand；Civil-Military Relations；Thai Studies；Military Coup；the King；bureaucratic polity；civil society
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(2) 專書(1) 專書論文(1)
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摘要
泰國是一個典型的軍事政權國家，自1932年實行憲政以迄1991年政變的60年期間，共舉行了19次全國大選，也經歷了19次軍事政變。雖然政治陷入「惡性循環」，但泰國在全球「第三波」民主化浪潮中，也建立了所謂「半民主」政治；而「軍人與文人關係」的前景是攸關泰國政治民主化發展的關鍵。
本文從檢討「泰國研究」的理論與「軍文關係」的途徑開始，建構泰國「軍文關係」的分析架構，探討泰國軍人政治優勢的取得、軍事政權維持的策略、文人控制機制的建立，以及「軍人脫離政治」趨勢形成與展望。本文基本論證如下：
一、泰國軍文關係的發展脈絡印證了學界自1980年代末期以來所進行軍文關係研究「反思」的基本論點：「軍文
關係」問題不是在民主化初期就可以獲得解決，反而成為民主轉型以迄民主鞏固階段都將面臨的關鍵議題。
二、泰國軍文關係由「軍人支配政治」向「軍人脫離政治」的演變，是由「市民社會的力量」、「泰王的政治威 望」以及「軍文菁英的妥協」所互動形成。在促進此一軍文關係「轉型」方面，前兩項因素優於第三項因素 ；但在「鞏固」軍文關係消長的結果方面，則第三項因素優於前兩項因素。
三、「軍事政變」是觀察泰國軍文關係的最重要指標；經由計算這些政變發生的「頻率」及政變發生「時間點」 的分布，可以區劃出政變的「密集期」與「間歇期」，做為分析政變「成因」與評估政變「再發生率」的依 據。據此，可以推論：泰國軍事政變的再發生率將逐漸降低；而1991年政變後展開的間歇期愈長，則政變再 發生率愈低。
Abstract
Thailand is a typical example of military regime. Since the first constitution was promulgated in 1932, there have been 19 general elections accompanied by 19 military coups. Despite this ''vicious circle'', the Thais have created a ''semi-democracy'' in the third wave of global democratization in which the "civil-military relations" plays a key role in the fulfillment of the path of Thai democracy.
This dissertation begins with an examination of the theories and approaches of "Thai studies" and "civil-military relations". It then attempts to build up a dynamic model for the analysis of Thai civil-military relations. The issue area of this thesis includes: the military achievement of political dominance, the developing strategies of military regimes, the establishment and operation of civilian control, and the formation of military "disengagement " from politics.
This thesis argues that Thailand is a typical example to demonstrate that "civil-military relations" is a key issue not only in the phase of democratic transition, but in the process of consolidation of democracy. Besides, three elements of the dynamic model decide the outcome of the development of Thai civil-military relations, they are "the power of civil society ", "the political prestige of the King" and "the compromise between civilian and military elite". Moreover, "military coup" is the most important element to evaluate Thai civil-military relations. This thesis demonstrates the ''intermittence'' and ''phases'' of Thai coups by way of calculating their ''frequencies'', and try to explain the causes, as well as the outcome and effects, of Thai coups through two dimensions : the mass movement and the role of the King. The longer the last "intermittence" (since 1991) lasts, the more stable Thai civilian control regime is.
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