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題名:美國學者對中美關係發展(1949-1958)的看法
作者:莊榮輝
作者(外文):Chuang Jung-huei
校院名稱:中國文化大學
系所名稱:史學研究所
指導教授:孫同勛
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2000
主題關鍵詞:美國史學史中美關係史美國學者的觀點
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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對中國而言,1949年是個大變動的一年。在這一年,中共雖然佔據了中國大陸,但是國府並沒有完全的崩潰,仍舊統治著台澎金馬等地區,造成了中國分裂的局面。這樣的結果,深深的影響了中美關係的發展,使得中美關係轉變成海峽兩岸與美國之間的三角關係。而這樣的演變過程,到了1958年的時候,因為美國與國府之間關係的確立,而到了一個段落。對於這一段期間中美之間關係的發展,為何會有這樣的演變過程,美國學者是如何的加以看待,是值得加以探究的課題。
本文連同導論與結論,共計五章,約有三十萬字左右。第二、三、四章為本文主體。第二章論述學者對美國政府在面對中共佔據中國大陸,而國府退居台灣的情況下,其所處的態度與實施的政策為何。第三章討論學者對美國對兩岸政府態度的轉變過程。第四章研究的重點則在於學者對兩次台海危機過程的詮釋。
從學者對這段中美關係發展的討論當中,可以發現美國政府的中國政策,以及海峽兩岸與美國三者之間關係的發展,並不如檯面上的敵視中共與支持自由中國般的黑白分明,這中間實際上充滿了美國基於國家利益考量下的灰色地帶。縱使學者的觀點,並不等同於官方的立場與政策,不過透過學者的分析,也有助於我們對美國政府政策的考量,與政策的走向,有相當的掌握,仍是值得參考的。
由於1949年到1958年這段期間,美國方面的資料、檔案,從70年代已經陸續的開放,到了90年代之後,幾乎已經到達全面性開放的地步。所已,學者對於杜魯門總統與艾森豪總統在位期間的中美關係發展,可以充分的以各種不同的角度與立場加以探討。不過,由於是以使用美國資料為主,自然呈現的大都是美國方面的觀點,所關切的主題,也以美國政府的施政與態度為關注的重點,不僅使這段期間中美關係發展的全貌無法盡得,在其詮釋上也往往有一面之詞之嫌。近年來,中共方面資料也陸續選擇性的開放,所以在某些議題上,也加入了從中共角度切入的觀點,相當程度的修正或是彌補了單從美國角度切入的偏差與不足。但是,遺憾的是,這段期間的中美關係發展,原本是關係到海峽兩岸與美國的三角關係,可是學者卻甚少使用國府方面的資料,或是從國府的立場來探究,使得國府的表現與立場,成為輕忽或鄙視的對象,相信這也是往後學者可以努力的方向。
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Clough, Ralph N. “The Taiwan Issue in Sino-American Relations,” in William J. Barnds ed. China and America: The Search for a New Relationship. (New York: University Press, 1977.), pp.149-195.
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_______. “Sino-American Relations and the Future of Formosa,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol.80, No.1 (March, 1965), pp.1-21.
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_______. “Ambassador Philip D. Sprouse on the Question of Recognition of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 and 1950,” Diplomatic History, Vol.2, No.2 (Spring, 1978), pp.213-217.
_______. “U.S., China, and the Cold War in Asia, 1949-1979,” Centennial Review, Vol.24 (1980), pp.127-147.
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