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題名：縮短工時能否增進就業與經濟成長?
作者：黃俊傑 引用關係
作者(外文)：Huang, Chun Chieh
校院名稱：國立政治大學
系所名稱：經濟學系
指導教授：賴景昌
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2001
主題關鍵詞：縮短工時；就業；經濟成長；失業；效率工資；Shorter working time；Employment；Economic growth；Unemployment；Efficiency wage
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此篇論文重新檢驗效率工資的基本假定，並解釋為何縮短工時有不確定的就業效果。另外，我們亦討論一個被忽略的課題，即縮短工時對經濟成長的影響。
第二章建構一個效率工資模型並將工作時間內生化由勞工決定，由於勞工的努力程度與工作時間可相互替代，因此即使工資提高，仍無法誘發勞工努力工作，效率工資的基本假定也因此不成立。
第三章利用效率工資模型重新探討縮短工時的就業效果，結果發現工時減少對就業有不確定的影響，而且工作時間與勞工努力程度之間的關係是一個關鍵因素。另外，將廠商長期的利潤為零這個限制條件納入考慮，發現長期有限制條生比短期沒有限制條件的來得顯著。
第四章分析縮短工時對經濟成長率的影響，結果發現工資制度是一個左右工時減少是否會提高經濟成長率的主要因素，若是在月薪(或週薪)制度，縮短工時僅會降低經濟成長率；但苦是在時薪制度時，工時減少可能提高經濟成長率。
第五章則是利用搜尋模型(search model)，同時討論工時減少對經濟成長率與失業率的影響，結果發現縮短工時對經濟成長率的影響和第四章類似，即工資制度是一個左右工時減少是否會提高經濟成長率的關鍵因素。至於縮短工時對失業率的影響，不論月薪制或時薪制皆是不確定的效果。
This dissertation intends to re-examine the efficiency wage hypothesis, and offer an explanation of why working time reduction has an ambiguous impact on employment. In addition, this dissertation also examines the effect of shorter working hours on the economic growth rate that has not been discussed.
In Chapter 2, we set up a shirking model of efficiency wages with endogenous working time and uses it to address how the endogenous working time twists the leakage between the work effort level and wages. This result thus provides a conceivable reason to illustrate the empirical finding of the possible perverse linkage between worker’s effort and wages.
Chapter 3 illustrates a shirking-type efficiency wage model to explain why shorter working hours causes an ambiguous effect on employment as the empirical results. We find that shorter working hours has an uncertain impact on the work effort, and it is the key factor determining the whole outcomes. Besides, it is also found that, given the zero profits constraint, the long-run employment effect of reducing working hours will intensify short-run employment effect.
Chapter 4 formulates an endogenous growth model and uses it to inquire into the long-run impacts of work sharing arrangements on economic growth. We show that the styles of wage contracts, namely salary-style and hourly-style contracts, will be a key factor in determining the long-run growth effects of working time reduction. If labor market is overwhelmed by salary arrangement with lower wage flexibility, a policy of reducing working hours will deteriorate economic growth rate. On the contrary, if countries face hourly-style arrangements which tends to increase the degree of wage flexibility, a cut in working time may favor the economy’s balanced growth rate.
Chapter 5 examines the effects of reducing in working time on economic growth and unemployment rate with a simple search-matching model where wage is endogenously determined by bargaining between firms and unemployed workers. The growth effects of shorter working hours are similar to that in Chapter 4, and the styles of wage contracts, namely salary-style and hourly-style contracts, plays a crucial role determining the whole outcome. However, a cut in working time has an uncertain effect on the unemployment rate either in salary or hourly wage arrangement.
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