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題名：系統動態學中複雜模式用何氏圖之研究
作者：郭乃文
作者(外文)：Kuo Nai Wen
校院名稱：淡江大學
系所名稱：管理科學學系
指導教授：楊維楨
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2001
主題關鍵詞：系統動態學；何氏圖；可讀性；循環階層圖；system dynamics；forrester diagram；readability；recurrent hierarchy
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本論文針對系統動態學中的何氏圖，討論何氏圖上的元素及耦合關係直接處理的方法以及增進何氏圖可讀性兩部分。以往在考慮系統動態學理論架構時，所作的研究大都著重在因果關係圖的處理，而忽略系統動態學所處理的系統可能隨時變動的特性，一旦何氏圖轉換完成，對元素和耦合關係的加入和消去，將成為系統的負擔（可能僅作部分的修改，也可能需從頭作轉換）。
本文藉由屬性圖的觀念對何氏圖加以定義，以方便我們的處理，並將何氏圖上16種基本的操作和所對應的46條規則一一加以說明，三個演算法的提出使我們能應用所提之規則直接在何氏圖上加入或消去元素及耦合關係。
另一方面，因系統動態學所處理的問題常具有複雜系統的特性，一旦系統變複雜時，對何氏圖的判讀自然就困難許多，也會影響到何氏圖的處理（加入或消去元素時較不容易掌握元素間的關聯性）。本文提出一個三階段演算法來增進系統動態學中何氏圖的可讀性，首先將何氏圖轉為循環階層圖，接著減少循環階層圖之交叉線數目，最後調整節點水平位置，如此當系統擴大時，也能清楚各量之間的相互關係，使我們能容易來處理何氏圖，進而提高模擬的正確性。整體而言，本文所提之方法可補充以往系統動態學中對何氏圖處理之欠缺，這將使得系統動態學理論架構更加完整且應用的領域更趨寬廣。
The purpose of this dissertation is to propose a new approach for directly dealing with elements and coupling relations in Forrester Diagram（FD） and a technique for improving readability of FD in system dynamics. The past studies focus more attention on manipulation of causal diagram, but neglect the characteristic of system dynamics which may be vary from time to time. Whenever FD has been completed, it will not easy to add or delete elements and couplings.
In this study, the FD is defined by attributed graphs so that the approach could be applied. The operations over an FD and corresponding productions, and three basic algorithms are proposed to perform this work which make us can directly deal with FD in system dynamics.
We describe a three-pass algorithm for improving the readability of FD in system dynamics. The first pass converts FD to recurrent hierarchy. The second pass sorts the vertices on each level, with the goal of minimizing crossings. The third pass is a fine tuning of the layout that determines the horizontal positions of vertices. This is a visual aid to show the relations of all vertices, and to understand the structures of complex systems. It enables us to manipulating FD more clearly, and will be useful in developing the result of simulation more accurately.
The approach proposed here can make up a deficiency of the past work in manipulating an FD. This will make the framework of system dynamics more completely and the application of the system dynamics will be much more extensive.
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