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題名:新產品開發:設計與定位、流程、績效評估之整合性管理研究
作者:楊長林
作者(外文):Yang Chang Lin
校院名稱:國立臺灣科技大學
系所名稱:工業管理系
指導教授:許總欣
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2002
主題關鍵詞:新產品開發限制理論思維過程品質機能展開平衡計分卡New product developmentTheory of constraintsThinking processQuality function deploymentBalanced scorecard
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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在競爭激烈的市場中,由於技術的快速改變,使得產品生命週期縮短同時產品市場也轉變為世界性的市場,如此使得新產品的開發工作更顯得重要。然而新產品開發通常是一系列有組織且有緊密關連的重要活動。因此,在面對變化日益快速的競爭環境時,新產品的開發工作,不僅要考慮技術層面,同時也應包含財務、人力資源、管理等層面之內容,亦即應以採取系統化之整合方式對新產品的開發應做整體性之規劃。本研究以限制理論(theory of constraints, TOC)之概念為基礎,整合產品開發過程中設計與定位、作業流程管理、績效評估三階段的模式,以整合性系統方法並配合使用適當的工具,進行深入探討並尋求有效的規劃與解決之道,來進行產品開發之相關工作,解決開發過程中所可能發生的問題。
本研究中運用品質機能展開(quality function deployment, QFD)技術,建立以顧客期望與競爭產品因素為基礎的產品設計與產品市場定位之程序與作法,整合包括產品使用意見、相關產品經銷資訊、產品功能技術開發、生產製程技術與能力,來進行產品設計與定位工作。對於產品開發作業程序管理部分,運用思維過程(thinking process, TP)之邏輯分析工具:現況樹(current reality tree, CRT)、衝突圖(conflict resolution diagram, CRD)、未來樹(future reality tree, FRT)、條件樹(prerequisite tree, PRT)、轉移樹(transition tree, TT)於品質機能展開之產品開發程序中,並依新產品開發型態的特性區分整合型態為平行作業、串聯作業、回饋三種整合方式,以系統化問題分析與解決方式,找出產品開發過程中有關技術或管理方面的核心問題並提出可行且有效解決方案。對於績效評估模式的建立,將產品開發專案評估分為效益、執行、以及行為三個構面加以探討。引進平衡計分卡(balanced scorecard, BSC)技術中財務面(financial)、顧客面(customer)、企業內部流程面(business and production process)、學習與成長面(learning and growth)四構面採用系統化方法選擇最關鍵、最具代表性之因子作為產品開發績效衡量指標,以建立一個客觀、簡單、整體性的系統化績效評估模式,供日後產品開發專案績效評估參考。
Facing intensive global competition, rapid technological change, and shifting global markets, new product development (NPD) is essential to firms in planning for their future. Relevant stages in NPD project include design, position, process, and measurement of a product development. This study proposes a theory of constraints (TOC) based systematic technique for businesses to integrate: quality function deployment (QFD), thinking process (TP), and balanced scorecard (BSC) for analyzing and solving problems of engineering technology, production process, management flow, and performance measurement. The TOC based NPD model combines both creative and analytical thinking to develop an integrated procedure for NPD of business planning and management.
This study uses QFD for product planning that enables businesses to consider the specialty of departments to ensure that product satisfy customer requirements. QFD utilizes the house of quality (HOQ) as a construct for understanding customer requirements, establishing priorities of design requirements, and product segmentation and position. This study also explores the efficient ways of integrating the five logic tools of TP: current reality tree (CRT), conflict resolution diagram (CRD), future reality tree (FRT), prerequisite tree (PRT), and transition tree (TT) within the process of NPD. Three integrating modes: series, parallel, and feedback are applied to integrate the TP with PDC. Series mode is integrating with new product design processes, parallel mode is integrating with upgrading product development, and feedback mode is integrating with customized product development. In the NPD performance model creation, this study finally proposes a balanced scorecard based and comprehensive performance evaluation model. This evaluation model uses four perspectives, namely financial, customer, business and production process, and learning and growth, as the basis for translating the NPD strategy into an action plan to derive the key leading and lagging indicators for measuring performance.
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