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題名:台北農產運銷公司整合經營與價值鏈創造之研究
作者:李瓊映 引用關係
作者(外文):ChiungYing Lee
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:農業經濟學研究所
指導教授:蕭清仁
李順成
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2004
主題關鍵詞:價值鏈水平與垂直整合台北農產運銷公司value chainhorizontal and vertical integrationTaipei Agricultural Products Marketing Company
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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過去政府為了減少果菜運銷過程中,運銷商中間剝削的問題,結合中央及地方政府、農民團體、供應人、承銷人共同出資籌組公司經營批發市場。台北農產運銷公司所經營之台北市第一果菜批發市場,乃在此時空背景下成立,其為台北地區蔬果提供一個公平、公開、公正的交易環境。然因果菜批發市場並非營利事業,其為一個需兼顧公益及私利的經營單位,且因經營果菜批發市場之主要收入來源僅為固定費率之管理費收入,以台北農產運銷公司而言,其主要收入是向供銷雙方收取果菜交易額的3%管理費。在費率受限於「農產品批發市場管理辦法」規定,無法調升下,該公司僅能盡量降低經營成本,並另闢財源,以彌補財政上入不敷出之窘境。
文獻中對於果菜批發市場的探討,大多著墨於成立背景、沿革或制度上的討論,雖對於果菜批發市場的經營方式有所建議,然未以經濟計量模型評估經營方式之改變對果菜批發市場成本結構的影響。企業降低經營成本、提高經營效率的方式很多,本研究乃根據台北農產運銷公司經營之現況,試圖應用Porter所提出的價值鏈分析中,各價值活動不斷為企業創造價值、增加利潤的概念,朝向批發市場整合其他價值活動的方式進行研究。並結合Mighell及Jones所提出垂直整合之最適階段(成本累加法)的概念,演伸為成本累減法的作法,進一步利用經濟計量模型,評估該公司是否能藉由水平擴張、增加產出(果菜交易量),以及垂直經營與批發市場相關之其他業務,包括停車場、冷藏庫與供銷服務中心等,來降低其經營成本、增加其獲利。雖然整合經營須面臨實務上多所考慮,然本研究所獲得之結果,仍可供其他果菜批發市場做為評估整合可行性之參考。
經由實證分析結果,可歸納如下幾點結論:
一、台北農產運銷公司水平經營台北市第二果菜批發市場,可因享有規模經濟,進一步降低平均成本。平均成本可由水平整合前每公噸541元降為水平整合後每公噸531元。
二、台北市果菜批發階段營業量有限,分由兩個單位經營,兩者皆未達規模經濟而使平均成本偏高。若分由兩個單位經營,平均成本為每公噸763元,較水平整合後之531元為高。
三、垂直經營停車場、冷藏庫與供銷服務中心等相關業務,可使台北農產運銷公司獲利上升,累減成本下降。累減成本可由僅經營拍賣場之每公噸531元依序降為519元、513元、486元。
The present study aims to incorporate the concept that combines the value chain with the optimum degree of vertical integration and to use the econometric model to further analyze how the average cost of Taipei Agricultural Products Marketing Company changes after it horizontally integrates The Taipei Second Fruits and Vegetable Wholesale Market and vertically integrates parking lots, cold storages, and the the packing of fruits and vegetable
The results have shown that if only Taipei Agricultural Products Marketing Company is operated, the average cost is NT541 per ton; if Taipei Second Fruits and Vegetable Wholesale Market is horizontally integrated and operated, the average cost decreases to NT531 per ton because of economies of scale; if it vertically integrates parking lots, cold storages as well as the packing of fruits and vegetable, degressive average cost decreases further to NT519, NT513, and NT486 per ton due to the fact that these value activities can continue to create profits.
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