參考文獻
一、中文部分
田岳風、林亞平、嚴洁等。（民91）。電針內關穴對心肌缺血再灌注損傷預防保護作用。中國中西醫結合急救雜誌，9（1），12-13。
林昭庚、何紹彰、林正常。（民84）。針刺激內關穴和足三里穴對安靜時心肺功能之影響-先期研究。中醫藥雜誌，6卷，2期，103-9。
侯宏志。（2003）。經皮神經電刺激內關穴對運動時心跳速率及攝氧量之影響。（碩士論文，國立體育學院，2002），全國博碩士論文資訊網，91NCPE5421020。
張明金、魏文明、李青。（民92）。針刺內關穴對心律變異性的分析。中國針灸，23（3），169-70。
熊克仁、汪桐、陳貴名。（民87）。大鼠內關穴區一氧化氮和一氧化氮合成神經元的來源。中國針灸，18（14）：230。
熊克仁、汪桐。（民87）。針刺對大鼠脊神經節和脊髓內一氧化氮和表現的影響。針刺研究，23（1）：41。
蘇志汾。（2004）。腦內腓在大白鼠藉由運動改善胰島素阻抗所扮演角色的研究。（博士論文，高雄醫學大學，2003）。全國博碩士論文資訊網，92KMC05534006。
二、英文部分
Ahmed, N. (2005). Advanced glycation endproducts-role in pathology of diabetic complications. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 67, 3-21.
Akil H., Young E., Walker J.M., Watson S.J. (1986). The many possible roles of opioids and related peptides in stress-induced analgesia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 467,140-53.
Anderson, S., Brenner, B. M. (1998). Pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulopathy: hemodynamic considerations. Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews, 4, 163-77.
Backer, M., Hammes, M. G., Valet, M., Deppe, M., Conrad, B., Tolle, T.R., Dobos, G. (2002). Different modes of manual acupuncture stimulation differentially modulate cerebral blood flow velocity, arterial blood pressure and heart rate in human subjects. Neuroscience Letters, 29, 33, 203-6.
Bartels, M. N., Jelic, S., Ngai, P., Basner, R.C., DeMeersman, R.E. (2003). High-frequency modulation of heart rate variability during exercise in patients with COPD. Chest. 124, 863-9.
Bottini, P., Tantucci, C., Scionti, L., Dottorini, M. L., Puxeddu, E., Reboldi, G., Bolli, G. B., Casucci, G., Santeusanio, F., Sorbini, C. A., et al. (1995). Cardiovascular response to exercise in diabetic patients: influence of autonomic neuropathy of different severity. Diabetologia, 38, 244-50.
Bueno, E.A., Mamtani, R., Frishman, W.H. (2001). Alternative approaches to the medical management of angina pectoris: acupuncture, electrical nerve stimulation, and spinal cord stimulation. Heart Disease, 3, 236-41.
Cameron, M.H. (2003). Physical agents in rehabilitation. ( 2th Ed.). USA, Elservier Science.
Carnethon, M.R., Jacobs, D.R. Jr., Sidney, S., Liu, K. (2003). Influence of autonomic nervous system dysfunction on the development of type 2 diabetes: the CARDIA study. Diabetes Care, 26, 3035-41.
Chang S.L., Tsai C.C., Lin J.G., Hsieh C.L., Lin R.T., Cheng J.T. (2005). Involvement of serotonin in the hypoglycemic response to 2 Hz electroacupuncture of zusanli acupoint (ST36) in rats. Neuroscience Letters, 29,379, 69-73.
Chang, S.L., Lin, J.G., Chi, T.C., Liu, I.M., Cheng, J.T. (1999). An insulin-dependent hypoglycaemia induced by electroacupuncture at the Zhongwan (CV12) acupoint in diabetic rats. Diabetologia, 42, 250-5.
Cheng J.T., Liu I.M., Tzeng T.F., Tsai C.C., Lai T.Y. (2002). Plasma glucose-lowering effect of beta-endorphin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 34,570-6.
Chung, S.H., Lee, J.S., Kim, S.S., Shin, H.D., Lim, B.V., Jang, M.H., Kim, H., Kim, E.H., Kim, C.J. (2002). Effects of acupuncture on the 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and tryptophan hydroxylase expression in the dorsal raphe of exercised rats. Neuroscience Letters, 25, 332, 17-20.
Clifford, P.S., Hellsten, Y. (2004). Vasodilatory mechanisms in contracting skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology, 97, 393-403.
Coats, P., Hillier, C. (2000). Differential responses in human subcutaneous and skeletal muscle vascular beds to critical limb ischaemia. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 19, 387-95.
Colberg, S.R., Stansberry, K.B., McNitt, P.M., Vinik, A.I. (2002). Chronic exercise is associated with enhanced cutaneous blood flow in type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 16, 139-45.
Colberg, S.R., Parson, H.K., Holton,D.R., Nunnold, T., Vinik, A.I. (2003a). Cutaneous blood flow in type 2 diabetic individuals after an acute bout of maximal exercise. Diabetes Care, 26, 1883-8.
Colberg, S.R., Swain, D.P., Vinik, A.I. (2003b). Use of heart rate reserve and rating of perceived exertion to prescribe exercise intensity in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 26, 986-90
Cramp, A.F., Noble, J.G., Lowe, A.S., Walsh, D.M. (2001). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation（TENS）: the effect of electrode placement upon cutaneous blood flow and skin temperature. Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research, 26, 25-37.
Cravo, S.L., Possas, O.S., Ferreira-Neto, M.L. (2003). Rostral ventrolateral medulla: an integrative site for muscle vasodilation during defense-alerting reactions. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 23, 579-95.
Di Carli, M.F., Janisse, J., Grunberger, G., Ager, J. (2003). Role of chronic hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 16, 1387-93.
DiCarlo, S.E., Bishop, V.S. (2001). Central baroreflex resetting as a means of increasing and decreasing sympathetic outflow and arterial pressure. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 940, 324-37.
Ehrlich, D., Haber, P. (1992).Influence of acupuncture on physical performance capacity and haemodynamic parameters. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 13, 486-91.
Erdek, M.A., Staats, P.S. (2003). Spinal cord stimulation for angina pectoris and peripheral vascular disease. Anesthesiology Clinics of North America, 21, 797-804.
Fontana, F., Bernardi, P., Lanfranchi, G., Spampinato, S., Di Toro, R., Conti, E., Bonafe, F., Coccheri, S. (2004). Opioid peptide response to spinal cord stimulation in chronic critical limb ischemia. Peptides, 25, 571-5.
Frossard, M., Blank, D., Joukhadar, Ch., Bayegan, K., Schmid, R., Luger, A., Muller, M. (2005). Interstitial glucose in skeletal muscle of diabetic patients during an oral glucose tolerance test. Diabetic Medicine, 22, 56-60.
Gallagher, K.M., Fadel, P.J., Stromstad, M., Ide, K., Smith, S.A., Querry, R.G., Raven, P.B., Secher, N.H. (2001). Effects of exercise pressor reflex activation on carotid baroreflex function during exercise in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 15, 533, 871-80.
Gerich, J.E. (2003). Clinical significance, pathogenesis, and management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163, 1306-16.
Golster, H., Hyllienmark, L., Ledin, T., Ludvigsson, J., Sjoberg, F. (2005). Impaired microvascular function related to poor metabolic control in young patients with diabetes. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 25, 100-5.
Gudbjornsdottir, S., Sjostrand, M., Strindberg, L., Lonnroth, P. (2005). Decreased muscle capillary permeability surface area in type 2 diabetic subjects. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 90, 1078-82.
Guerci, B., Bohme, P., Kearney-Schwartz, A., Zannad, F., Drouin, P. (2001a).
Endothelial dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Part 2: Altered endothelial function and the effects of treatments in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes & Metabolism, 27, 436-47.
Guerci, B., Kearney-Schwartz, A., Bohme, P., Zannad, F., Drouin, P. (2001b). Endothelial dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Part 1: Physiology and methods for exploring the endothelial function. Diabetes & Metabolism, 27, 425-34.
Guo, N., Lu, Z., Xue, X., Shu, J., Liu, S. (2000). Assessment of autonomic function in patients with acute myocardial infarction or diabetes mellitus by heart rate variability, ventricular late potential and QT dispersion. Hypertension Research, 23, 367-70.
Guyton, A. C., Hall, J.E. (2000).Cardiac output, venous return, and their regulation. In Guyton, A. C., Hall, J.E. (Ed.), Textbook of Medical Physiology (10th ed.). USA, W.B. Saunders Company.
Hayden, M.R., Tyagi, S.C. (2003). Myocardial redox stress and remodeling in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 9, SR35-52.
Hayward, L.F., Castellanos, M. (2003). Increased c-Fos expression in select lateral parabrachial subnuclei following chemical versus electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray in rats. Brain Research, 974, 153-66.
Hester, R.L., Choi, J. (2002). Blood flow control during exercise: role for the venular endothelium? Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 30:147-51.
Hsieh, C.W., Mao, C.W., Young, M.S., Yeh, T.L., Yeh, S.J. (2003). Respiratory effect on the pulse spectrum. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 27, 77-84.
Huvers, F.C., de Leeuw, P.W., de Haan, C.H., Houben, A.J., Buijs, C., Schaper, N.C. (1998). The enhanced pressor response in type 2 diabetes is not based upon a generalized increase in vascular responsiveness. Cardiovascular Research, 38, 206-14.
Janssen, T.W., Hopman, M.T. (2003). Blood flow response to electrically induced twitch and tetanic lower-limb muscle contractions. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84, 982-7.
Jermendy, G. (2003). Clinical consequences of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients. Acta Diabetologica, 40 Suppl 2, S370-4.
Kamper, A.M., de Craen, A.J., Buckwalter, J.B., Taylor, J.C., Hamann, J.J., Clifford, P.S. (2005). Role of nitric oxide and alpha-adrenergic receptor responsiveness in exercising skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology, 98, 1584-5.
Karvelas, B.R., Hoffman, M.D., Zeni, A.I. (1996). Acute effects of acupuncture on physiological and psychological responses to cycle ergometry. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 77, 1256-9.
Kaufmann, P.A., Rimoldi, O., Gnecchi-Ruscone, T., Bonser, R.S., Luscher, T.F., Camici, P.G.. (2004). Systemic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase unmasks neural constraint of maximal myocardial blood flow in humans. Circulation, 14, 110, 1431-6.
Kawano, H., Motoyama, T., Hirashima, O., Hirai, N., Miyao, Y., Sakamoto, T., Kugiyama, K., Ogawa, H., Yasue, H. (1999). Hyperglycemia rapidly suppresses flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of brachial artery. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 34, 146-54.
Kingwell, B.A. (2000). Nitric oxide as a metabolic regulator during exercise: effects of training in health and disease. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology, 27, 239-50.
Kingwell, B.A., Berry, K.L., Cameron, J.D., Jennings, G.L., Dart, A.M. (1997). Arterial compliance increases after moderate-intensity cycling. The American Journal of Physiology, 273, H2186-91.
Kingwell, B.A., Formosa, M., Muhlmann, M., Bradley, S.J., McConell, G.K. (2002). Nitric oxide synthase inhibition reduces glucose uptake during exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes more than in control subjects. Diabetes, 51, 2572-80.
Kingwell, B.A., Formosa, M., Muhlmann, M., Bradley, S.J., McConell, G.K. (2003). Type 2 diabetic individuals have impaired leg blood flow responses to exercise: role of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Diabetes Care, 26, 899-904.
Kizu, A., Koyama, H., Tanaka, S., Maeno, T., Komatsu, M., Fukumoto, S., Emoto, M., Shoji, T., Inaba, M., Shioi, A., Miki, T., Nishizawa, Y. (2003). Arterial wall stiffness is associated with peripheral circulation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis, 170, 87-91.
Klein B.E., Klein R., McBride P.E., Cruickshanks K.J., Palta M., Knudtson M.D., Moss S.E., Reinke J.O. (2004) .Cardiovascular disease, mortality, and retinal microvascular characteristics in type 1 diabetes: Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Internal Medicine, (2004) . 27,164,1917-24.
Kramer H.H., Schmelz M., Birklein F., Bickel A. (2004) .Electrically stimulated axon reflexes are diminished in diabetic small fiber neuropathies. Diabetes, 53(3), 769-74.
Laakso, M., Lehto, S. (1997). Epidemiology of macrovascular disease in diabetes, Diabetes Review, 5,294–315.
Laederach-Hofmann, K., Mussgay, L., Winter, A., Klinkenberg, N., Ruddel, H. (1999). Early autonomic dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus assessed by spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology, 19, 97-106.
Laight, D.W., Carrier, M.J., Anggard, E.E. (1999). Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 15, 274-82.
Li, P., Ayannusi, O., Reid, C., Longhurst, J.C. (2004). Inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the pressor response induced by exercise stress. Clinical Autonomic Research: Official Journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 14, 182-8.
Li, P., Pitsillides, K.F., Rendig, S.V., Pan, H.L., Longhurst, J.C. (1998). Reversal of reflex-induced myocardial ischemia by median nerve stimulation: a feline model of electroacupuncture. Circulation, 31, 97, 1186-94.
Li, P., Tjen-A-Looi, S., Longhurst, J.C. (2002). Rostral ventrolateral medullary opioid receptor subtypes in the inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture on reflex autonomic response in cats. Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical, 31, 97, 103-9.
Liao, J.M., Lin, C.F., Ting, H., Chang, C.C., Lin, Y.J., Lin, T.B. (2002). Electro- acupuncture at Hoku elicits dual effect on autonomic nervous system in anesthetized rats. Neuroscience Research, 42, 15-20.
Lin, J.G., Yang, S.H. (1999). Effects of acupuncture on exercise-induced muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase activity. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 27, 299-305.
Lin, J.G., Yang, S.H., Lin, J.C. (1995). Investigation on the effects of ear acupressure on exercise-unduced lactic acid levels and the implications for athletic training. American Journal of Acupuncture, 23, 309-313.
Lin, T.B., Fu, T.C., Chen, C.F., Lin, Y.J., Chien, C.T. (1998). Low and high frequency electroacupuncture at Hoku elicits a distinct mechanism to activate sympathetic nervous system in anesthetized rats. Neuroscience Letters, 247, 155-8.
Loaiza, L.A., Yamaguchi, S., Ito, M., Ohshima, N. (2002). Electro-acupuncture stimulation to muscle afferents in anesthetized rats modulates the blood flow to the knee joint through autonomic reflexes and nitric oxide. Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical, 31, 97, 103 -9.
Loimaala, A., Huikuri, H.V., Koobi, T., Rinne, M., Nenonen, A., Vuori, I. (2003). Exercise training improves baroreflex sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 52, 1837-42.
Lovick, T.A., Li, P., Schenberg, L.C. (1995). Modulation of the cardiovascular defence response by low frequency stimulation of a deep somatic nerve in rats. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System, 3, 50, 347-54.
Lue, J.H., Leong, S.M., Day, A.S., Tsai, Y.J., Shieh, J.Y., Wen, C.Y. (2002). Changes in c-Fos protein expression in the rat cuneate nucleus after electric stimulation of the transected median nerve. Journal of Neurotrauma, 19, 897-907.
Maiorana, A., O'Driscoll, G., Cheetham, C., Dembo, L., Stanton, K., Goodman, C., Taylor, R., Green, D. (2001). The effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on vascular function in type 2 diabetes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 38, 860-6.
Maliszewska-Scislo, M., Scislo, T.J., Rossi, N.F. (2003). Effect of blockade of endogenous angiotensin II on baroreflex function in conscious diabetic rats. American Journal of Physiology,Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 284, H1601-11.
Malmberg, K., Yusuf, S., Gerstein, H. C., Brown, J., Zhao, F. M., Hunt, D., Piegas, L., Calvin, J., Keltai, M., Budaj, A. (2000). Impact of diabetes on long-term prognosis in patients with unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: results of the OASIS (Organization to Assess Strategies for Ischemic Syndromes) Registry. Circulation ,102, 1014–1019.
Manzella, D., Paolisso, G.., Guerci, B., Bohme, P., Kearney-Schwartz, A., Zannad, F., Drouin, P. (2005). Cardiac autonomic activity and Type II diabetes mellitus. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, 108, 93-9.
Melo, E., Vianna, E.O., Gallo, L. Jr., Foss, M.C., Terra-Filho, J. (2003). Pulmonary function, cholinergic bronchomotor tone, and cardiac autonomic abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 36, 291-9.
Mishra, R.K., Dorbala, S., Logsetty, G., Hassan, A., Heinonen, T., Schelbert, H.R., Di Carli, M.F. (2005). Quantitative relation between hemodynamic changes during intravenous adenosine infusion and the magnitude of coronary hyperemia: implications for myocardial perfusion imaging. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 15, 45, 553-8.
Mo, X., Chen, D., Ji, C., Zhang, J., Liu, C., Zhu, L. (1996). Effect of electro-acupuncture and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on experimental diabetes and its neuropathy. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu , Acupuncture Research, 21, 55-9.
Nichols, J.H., Howard, C., Loman, K., Miller, C., Nyberg, D., Chan, D.W. (1995). Laboratory and bedside evaluation of portable glucose meters. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 103, 244-51.
No authors listed. (1996). Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation, 93, 1043-65.
Norris, C.M. (2001). Acupuncture Treatment of Musculoskeletal Conditions. London, MPG Books Ltd.
O'Driscoll, G., Green, D., Rankin, J., Stanton, K., Taylor, R. (1997). Improvement in endothelial function by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1, 100, 678-84.
Ogoh, S., Wasmund, W.L., Keller, D.M., O-Yurvati, A., Gallagher, K.M., Mitchell, J.H., Raven, P.B. (2002). Role of central command in carotid baroreflex resetting in humans during static exercise. The Journal of Physiology, 15, 543, 349-64.
Peredo, H.A. (2001). Prostanoid release and constrictor responses to noradrenaline in the rat mesenteric vascular bed in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of Autonomic Pharmacology, 21, 131-7.
Perini, R., Veicsteinas, A. (2003). Heart rate variability and autonomic activity at rest and during exercise in various physiological conditions. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 90, 317-25.
Peuker, E., Cummings, M. (2003). Anatomy for the acupuncturist--facts & fiction. 3: Upper & lower extremity. Acupuncture in Medicine: Journal of the British Medical Acupuncture Society, 21, 122-32.
Pickel, V.M., Chan, J., Kash, T.L., Rodriguez, J.J., MacKie, K. (2004). Compartment-specific localization of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and mu-opioid receptors in rat nucleus accumbens. Neuroscience, 127, 101-12.
Raber, W., Raffesberg, W., Waldhausl, W., Gasic, S., Roden, M. (2003). Exercise induces excessive normetanephrine responses in hypertensive diabetic patients. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 33, 480-7.
Radice, M., Rocca, A., Bedon, E., Musacchio, N., Morabito, A., Segalini, G. (1996). Abnormal response to exercise in middle-aged NIDDM patients with and without autonomic neuropathy. Diabetic Medicine, 13, 259-65.
Rana, J.S., Mukamal, K.J., Morgan, J.P., Muller, J.E., Mittleman, M.A. (2003). Circadian variation in the onset of myocardial infarction: effect of duration of diabetes. Diabetes, 52, 1464-8.
Ravits, J.M. (1997). AAEM minimonograph 48: autonomic nervous system testing. Muscle & Nerve, 20, 919-37.
Schofield, I., Malik, R., Izzard, A., Austin, C., Heagerty , A. (2002). Vascular structural and functional changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: evidence for the roles of abnormal myogenic responsiveness and dyslipidemia. Circulation, 106, 3037-43.
Selvin E., Marinopoulos S., Berkenblit G., Rami T., Brancati F.L., Powe N.R., Golden S.H. (2004). Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Annals of Internal Medicine, 21,141,421-31.
Shera A.S., Jawad F., Maqsood A., Jamal S., Azfar M., Ahmed U. (2004). Prevalence of chronic complications and associated factors in type 2 diabetes. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 54, 54-9.
Sherry, J.E., Oehrlein, K.M., Hegge, K.S., Morgan, B.J. (2001). Effect of burst-mode transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on peripheral vascular resistance. Physical Therapy, 81, 1183-91.
Shoemaker, J.K., Hogeman, C.S., Khan, M., Kimmerly, D.S., Sinoway, L.I. (2001). Gender affects sympathetic and hemodynamic response to postural stress. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 281, H2028-35.
Singh, J.P., Larson, M.G., O'Donnell, C.J., Wilson, P.F., Tsuji, H., Lloyd-Jones, D.M., Levy. D. (2000). Association of hyperglycemia with reduced heart rate variability (The Framingham Heart Study). Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 86, 309-12.
Skrha, J. (2003) .Pathogenesis of angiopathy in diabetes. Acta Diabetologica, 40 Suppl 2, S324-9.
Skyrme-Jones, R.A., Berry, K.L., O'Brien, R.C., Meredith, I.T. (2000a). Basal and exercise-induced skeletal muscle blood flow is augmented in type I diabetes mellitus. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, 98, 111-20.
Skyrme-Jones, R.A., O'Brien, R.C., Meredith, I.T. (2000b). Vasodilator prostanoids, but not nitric oxide, may account for skeletal muscle hyperaemia in Type I diabetes. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, 99, 383-92.
Stansberry, K.B., Peppard, H.R., Babyak, L.M., Popp, G., McNitt, P.M., Vinik, A.I. (1999). Primary nociceptive afferents mediate the blood flow dysfunction in non-glabrous (hairy) skin of type 2 diabetes: a new model for the pathogenesis of microvascular dysfunction. Diabetes Care, 22, 1549-54.
Takahashi, N., Anan, F., Nakagawa, M., Yufu, K., Ooie, T., Nawata, T., Shigematsu, S., Hara, M., Saikawa, T., Yoshimatsu, H. (2004). Microalbuminuria, cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 53, 1359-64.
Tanikawa , T., Abe, H., Tanaka, Y., Nakashima, Y. (2004). Cardiac autonomic balance and QT dispersion during head-up tilt testing in diabetics with and without sensory neuropathy. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 26, 137-44.
Tank, J., Neuke, A., Molle, A., Jordan, J., Weck, M. (2001). Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability are not superior to classic autonomic testing in older patients with type 2 diabetes. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 322, 24-30.
Turgan, N., Coker, C., Hamulu, F., Elmaci, S., Yilmaz, C., Ersoz, B., Islegen, C. (1996). Glucose metabolism and catecholamine responses during physical exercise in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry: Journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies, 34, 683-9.
Urbancic-Rovan, V., Stefanovska, A., Bernjak, A., Azman-Juvan, K., Kocijancic , A. (2004). Skin blood flow in the upper and lower extremities of diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy. Journal of Vascular Research, 41, 535-45.
Valic, Z., Buckwalter, J.B., Clifford, P.S. (2005). Muscle blood flow response to contraction: influence of venous pressure. Journal of Applied Physiology, 98, 72-6.
Veves, A., Saouaf, R., Donaghue, V.M., Mullooly, C.A., Kistler, J.A., Giurini, J.M., Horton, E.S., Fielding, R.A. (1997). Aerobic exercise capacity remains normal despite impaired endothelial function in the micro- and macrocirculation of physically active IDDM patients. Diabetes, 46, 1846-52.
Vianna, D.M., Borelli, K.G., Ferreira-Netto, C., Macedo, C.E., Brandao, M.L. (2003). Fos-like immunoreactive neurons following electrical stimulation of the dorsal peri- aqueductal gray at freezing and escape thresholds. Brain Research Bulletin, 30, 62, 179-89.
Vinik, A.I., Maser, R.E., Mitchell, B.D., Freeman, R. (2003). Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 26, 1553-79.
Wang, J.S., Chen, S.Y., Lan, C., Wong, M.K., Lai, J.S. (2004). Neuromuscular electric stimulation enhances endothelial vascular control and hemodynamic function in paretic upper extremities of patients with stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 1112-6.
Ward, A.R., Robertson, V.J., Makowski, R.J. (2002). Optimal frequencies for electric stimulation using medium-frequency alternating current. Archives of Pysical Mdicine and Rhabilitation, 83, 1024-7
Warfield, C.A., Bajwa, Z.H. (2004). Principles & Pactice of Pain Mdicine (2th ed.). USA: McGraw-Hill.
Weck, M., Tank, J., Baevski, R.M., Molle, A., Matthies, K., Ploewka, K. (1997). Impaired activation of the baroreflex loop as early sign of sympathetic damage in diabetics with normal heart rate variability at rest. Acta Mdica Austriaca, 24, 175-9.
Williams, I.L., Wheatcroft, S.B., Shah, A.M., Kearney, M.T. (2002). Obesity, atherosclerosis and the vascular endothelium: mechanisms of reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in obese humans. International Jurnal of Oesity and Rlated Mtabolic Dsorders, 26, 754-64.
Williams, T., Mueller, K., Cornwall, M.W. (1991). Effect of acupuncture -point stimulation on diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive subjects: a preliminary study. Physical Terapy, 71, 523-9.
Yao, T., Andersson, S., Thoren, P. (1982). Long-lasting cardiovascular depression induced by acupuncture-like stimulation of the sciatic nerve in unanaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Rsearch, 20, 240, 77-85.
Zatta, A.J., Headrick, J.P. (2005). Mediators of coronary reactive hyperaemia in isolated mouse heart. British Jurnal of Parmacology, 144, 576-87.
Zeng, Z., Li, Y. (2002). Effects of electroacupuncture at weiwanxiashu and zusanli points on blood glucose and plasma pancreatic glucagon contents in diabetic rabbits. Journal of Taditional Chinese Mdicine, 22, 134-6.