REFERENCES
Agresti, A. (1992). A survey of exact inference for contingency tables. Statistical Science 7, 131-153. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2246001. Retrieved on September 28, 2008.
Anastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological testing (7th ed.). New Jersey : Prentice-Hall International.
Bachman, L. F. (1989). The development and use of criterion-reference tests of language ability in language program evaluation. In R. K. Johnson (Ed.). The second language curriculum (pp. 242-258). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bachman, L., & Palmer, A. (1996). Language testing in practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bardi, J. A. (2003). Hotel front office management. NJ : J. Wiley.
Bailey, K. M. (1983). Competitiveness and anxiety in adult language learning: Looking at and through the diary studies. In S. Selinger & M. H. Long, Classroom oriented research in second language acquisition (pp. 67-102). Rowley, MA: Newbury House Publisher.
Bailey, K. M. (1990). The use of diary studies in teacher education programs. In J. C. Richards, & D. Nunan (Eds.), Second language teacher education (pp. 215-226). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Bialystock, E. (1990). Communication strategies: A psychological analysis of second language use. Oxford: Blackwell.
Basturkmen, H. (2006). Ideas and options in English for specific purposes. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Association.
Belch, D. D. (2006). English for specific purposes: Teaching to Perceived needs and imagined future in worlds of work, study and everyday life. TESOL Quarterly, 40(1), 133-157.
Berwick, R. (1989). Needs assessment in language programming: From theory to practice. In R.K Johnson, (Ed.), The second language curriculum (pp. 48-62). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bialystock, E. (1990). Communication strategies: a psychological analysis of second language use. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bilbow G. T. & Sutton, J. (1995). The hospitality business. Hong Kong: Longman Asia.
Blue, G. B., & Harun, M. (2003). Hospitality languages as a professional skill. English for Specific Purposes, 22, 73-91.
Bosher, S., & Smalkoski, K. (2002). From needs analysis to curriculum development: designing a course in health-care communication for immigrant students in the USA . English for Specific Purposes, 21, 59-79.
Borg, W. R., & Gall, M. D. (1983). Educational Research: An introduction. New York: Longman.
Boyd, F. A. (1991). Business English and the case method: a reassessment. TESOL Quarterly, 25, 729-734.
Brinley, G. P. (1989). The role of needs analysis in adult ESL program design. In R.K Johnson, (Ed.), The second language curriculum (pp. 63-78). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bryman, A. (2004). Social Research Methods (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1, 1-47.
Carmines, E. G. & Zeller, R. A. (1991). Reliability and validity assessment. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Chan, J. I. C. (2002). Hotel management and operation. Taipei: Yang-Chih Book Co., Ltd.
Council for Economic Planning and Development. (2007). http://www.cepd.gov.tw/encontent/m1.aspx?sNo=0007382&ex=1&ic=0000069. Retrieved on September 28, 2008.
Chapelle, C. (1998). Construct definition and validity inquiry in SLA research. In L. Bachman and A. Cohen (Eds.), Interfaces between second langue acquisition and language testing research (pp. 32-70). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education (5th ed.). London: Routledge Falmer.
Douglas, D. (2000). Assessing languages for specific purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dudley-Evans, T., & St. John, M. (1998). Developments in ESP: A multi-disciplinary approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dalkey, N. & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458-467. Retrieved on August 30, 2008. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0025-1909%28196304%299%3A3%3C458%3AAEAOTD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K
El-Koumy, A. S A. K. (2003). Language performance assessment: Current trends in theory and research. Cairo: Dar An-Nahda Al-Arabya.
Esteban, A., & Cañado, M. (2004). Making the case method work in teaching business English: a case study. English for Specific Purposes, 23, 137-161.
Fisher, B. (1995). Thinking and learning together: Curriculum and community in a primary classroom. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Folse, S. K. (2004). Vocabulary myth. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Flick, U. (1998). An Introduction to qualitative research. London: Sage.
Gibson, B. (1997). Talking the test: Using verbal report data in looking at the processing of cloze test. ERIC Document, No. ED 409713.Glaser, B. G. (1992). Basics of grounded theory analysis. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report, 8(4) 597-607. http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-4/golafshani.pdf. Retrieved October 21, 2008.
Graves, M. (2000). A vocabulary program to complement and bolster a middle-grade comprehension program. In B. M.Taylor, M.F. Graves, and P. Van Den Broek, (Eds). Reading for Meaning (pp. 116-135). NY: Teachers College Press.
Green, D., & Meara, P. (1995). Guest editorial. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 8, 97-101.
Griffin, M.A., & Neal, A. (2000). Perceptions of safety at work: A framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge and motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3), 347-358.
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N.K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research, Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage.
Hadley, A. O. (1993). Teaching language in context (2nd ed.). Boston: Heinlie & Heinlie Publishers.
Halliday, M. (1994). An introduction to functional grammar (2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold.
Harun, M. (1998). English at the hotel counter: A discourse analysis of hospitality language. MA dissertation. University of Southampton.
Hayer, S. (1997). Even more true stories (2nd ed.). New York: Longman.
Horng, J-S., & Lu, H-Y. (2006). Needs assessment of professional competence of F&B/hospitality management students at college and university level. Journal of Teaching in Travel and Tourism, 6(3), 1-26.
Huckin, T., & Bloch, J. (1993). Strategies for inferring word-meanings in context: A cognitive model. In T. Huckin, M. Haynes & J. Coady (Eds.), Second language reading andvocabulary learning (pp. 153-178). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
Hutchinson, T., & Waters, A. (1987). English for specific purposes: A learning-centred approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ive, J. (2000). Achieving excellence in guest service. Melbourne: Hospitality Press.
Jasso-Aguilar, R. (2005). Sources, methods and triangulation in needs analysis: A critical perspective in a case study of Waikiki Hotel maids. In Long, M. (Ed.), Second language needs analysis (pp. 127-158). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Johns, A. M., & Dudley-Evans, T. (1991). English for specific purposes: international in scope, specific in purpose. TESOL Quarterly, 25, 297-314.
Joppe, M. (2000). The research process. http://www.ryerson.ca/~mjoppe/rp.htm. Received November 1, 2008.
Kasavana, M. (1993). Front office operation. In M. A. Khan, M. D. Olsen, & T. Var (Eds.), VNR’s encyclopedia of hospitality and tourism. New York: Van Norstrand Reinhold.
Khattri, N. Reeve, A., & Kane, M. (1998). Principles and practices of performance assessment. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Knox, A. B.(ed.). (1987). Helping adults learn. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers, Krashen, S. D. (1996). The case for narrow listening. System, 24(1), 97-100.
Kunnan, A. (1998). Language testing: Fundamentals. In A. Kunnan (Ed.), Validation in language assessment: Selected papers from the 17th language testing research colloquium (pp. 707-711). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Lafrenz, L. N. (1991). Performance analysis: Hospitality industry employers' perceptions of their limited English proficient employees. Doctoral dissertation: Ohio State University. U.S.A.
Laufer, B., & Sim, D. (1985). Measuring and explaining the reading threshold needed for Egnlish for acedmic purposes texts. Foreign Language Annals, 18, 405-411.
Leung, P., and Lo, T. (1996). Quality Communication in Hospitality: Language skills or cultural transfer? Eric Document # 395462.
Lewis, M. (1993). The lexical approach. Hove, UK: Language Teaching Publications.
Lightbown, P. M., & Spada, N. (1998). How Languages are learned. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Lu, A. (2007). Taiwan's tourism should highlight health, beauty and culture. VP. Yahoo Aisa News. http://asia.news.yahoo.com/070504/4/31av9.html. Retrieved on September 28, 2008.
Maybin, J. (1996). Everyday talk. In J. Maybin, & Mercer (Eds.), Using English from conversation to canon. London: Routledge.
McDonough, J., & McDonough, S. (1997). Research methods for English language teachers. London: Arnold.
Meara, P. (1980). Vocabulary acquisition: A neglected aspect of language learning. Language Learning and Linguistics Abstracts, 13, 221-246.
Merriam, S.B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
MOTC: Ministry of Transportation and Communications, R. O. C. (2005). Challenge 2008 National Development Plan 2002-2007: 5. Doubling Tourist Arrivals Plan. http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/english/bulletin/File/200507/ndp.pdf. Retrieved on September 28, 2008.
MOTC: Ministry of Transportation and Communications, R. O. C. (2008a). Welcome to Taiwan: Nature. http://taiwan.net.tw/lan/cht/about_taiwan/general.asp?id=2. Retrieved on September 28, 2008.
MOTC: Ministry of Transportation and Communications, R. O. C. (2008b). Tour Taiwan Years 2008-2009. http://www.welcome2taiwan.net/eng_2006/default.aspx. Retrieved on September 28, 2008.
Munby, J. (1978). Communicative syllabus design. London: Cambridge University Press.
Nitko, A. (2001). Educational assessment of students. New Jersey: Merrill.
Niu, S.Y. (2002). Hotel operation management and practice. Taipei: Yang-Chih Book Co., Ltd. 鈕先鉞 (2002)。旅館營運管理與實務。臺北:揚智文化。
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Inc.
Orr, T. (Ed.). (2002). English for specific purposes. Virginia: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc.
O’Malley, J. and Chamot, A. (1990). Language learning strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Patton, M. Q. (2001). Qualitative evaluation and research method (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Safe Publications, Inc.
Powers, T., & Barrows, C. W. (2006). Introduction to the hospitality industry (6th ed.). New Jersey : Wiley.
Prussia, G. E., Brown, K.A., & Willis, P.G. (2003). Mental models of safety: Do managers and employees see eye to eye? Journal of Safety Research, 34(2), 143-156.
Richards, J. C. & Nunan, D.(Eds.). (1990). Second language teacher education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richterich, R. (1983). Case studies in identifying language needs. Pergamon Press.
Richterich, R.,& Chancerel. J. J. (1987). Identifying the needs of adults learning a foreign language. Prentice Hall.
Robinson, J., Shaver, P., & Wrightsman, L. (1991). Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes. San Diego: Academic Press.
Robinson, P. (1991). ESP today: A practitioner's guide. Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall.
Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (1999). The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: issues and analysis. International Journal of Forecasting, 15(4), 353-375.
Sano, H. (2002). The world’s lingua franca of science. English Today, 18(4), 45-49.
Savignon, S, J. (1983). Communicative competence: Theory and practice. Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley.
Seale, C. F. (1999). The quality of qualitative research. London: Sage
Seidlhofer, B. (2005) English as a lingua franca. ELT Journal, 59(4), 339-342.
Silverman, D. (2001). Interpreting qualitative data. London: Sage.
Shih, Y. E. (1993). EFL methodology: Overview. In Tsao, F., Huan, T., Shih, Y. E., & Huang, Y. (Eds.), EFL Readings for Chinese Teachers, 1, 311-317.
Stern, H. H. (1992). Issues and options in language teaching. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Strevens, P. (1988). ESP after twenty years: A re-appraisal. In M. Tickoo (Ed.), ESP: State of the art (pp. 1-13). Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Centre.
Tardy, C. (2004). The role of English in scientific communication: Lingua franca or Tyrannosaurus rex? English for Specific Purposes, 3, 247-269.
Thurlow, M. (1995). National and state perspectives on performance assessment. ERIC Digest No. ED 381986.
Tompkins, G. (2000). Teaching writing: Balancing process and product. New Jersey: Merrill.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Walker, J. (1996). Introduction to hospitality. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Wales, M. L. (1993). Issues in the relationship of general and specific language in workplace ESL: Some Australian perspectives. Eric Document # 371 642.
Wang, L-L. (2001). Professional competence required for food and beverage employees working front of the house in international tourist hotels. Doctoral dissertation: National Taiwan Normal University. Taipei, Taiwan.
Wagen, L.V. D. (2003). Professional hospitality: Core competence (2nd ed.). Melbourne: Hospitality Press.
Wertsch, J. (1985). Culture, communication, and cognition. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University.
Widdowson, H. G. (1998). Communication and community: The pragmatics of ESP. English for Specific Purposes, 17, 3-14.
Wu, Y. (1998). What do tests of listening comprehension test? A retrospection study of EFL test-takers performing a multiple-choice task. Language Testing, 15(1), 21-44.