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題名：台灣手語自然對話中的提問方式
作者：陳怡君
作者(外文)：Chen, Yijun
校院名稱：國立中正大學
系所名稱：語言學研究所
指導教授：戴浩一
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2012
主題關鍵詞：疑問句；台灣手語；非手部動作；Questioning；Taiwan Sign Language；Non-manual expressions
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本文旨在探討台灣手語自然對話中的提問方式。提問意指提出問題，提問方式不受句型的限制，除了疑問句型可用來表達問題之外，任何句型皆可執行提問的功能。本文採用言談分析方式，分析台灣手語各類疑問句之句型以及其執行的言談功能。
本研究分析之語料為四對共八人之自發性的互動談話，語料長度近三個小時。所有語料採用影像語料撰寫軟體ELAN撰記。臉部表情則利用Facial Action Coding System (Ekman, Friesen, and Hager 2002) 裡的分類系統做標記。
研究結果顯示，台灣手語自然對話裡具有提問功能之疑問句句型，共分四類，分別為是非問句，A-not-A問句，選擇問句以及疑問詞問句。提問共有四種功用，分別為獲取訊息，請求修捕，確認訊息，以及尋求同意。提問功用與疑問句型有某種程度上的關聯性。獲取訊息之功能可由四類疑問句型執行，請求修捕以及確認訊息僅分別由疑問詞問句和是非問句提出，尋求同意則僅由是非問句執行。
對話中大多數的提問皆有非手部動作，最常見的非手部動作包含眼神注視，眉毛以及頭部動作。眼神注視出現在每個提問的結尾，其具有提示對方回應的功能。眉毛動作與提問功用相關，皺眉(AU4)出現在提問者具有疑問或是困惑時，而揚眉(AU1+2)則出現在詢問訊息或是確認訊息時。頭部動作則較易受到手部動作方向及位置的影響。和其它頭部動作相較之下，頭向前傾較常伴隨提問的手部動作出現。
The present study investigates questioning in Taiwan Sign Languages (TSL) in face-to-face dialogue settings. Questioning refers to the activities of asking questions. Asking questions can be performed either through interrogative forms or through other linguistic structures. Within a conversation analytic framework, the actual structures in TSL questions are presented and the communicative functions carried out through questions are discussed.
The analyzed data contain approximately 3 hours of spontaneous signing, taken from 4 dyads conversations. The data are annotated using ELAN annotation software. The facial expressions are annotated based on Facial Action Coding System (Ekman, Friesen, and Hager 2002).
Four major types of interrogative constructions are identified: polar questions, A-not-A questions, alternative questions and content questions. Four communicative functions performed by questions include obtaining information, initiating repair, requesting confirmation, and seeking agreement. There is a division of labor between the four question forms and the actions they perform. Seeking information is done with all the question types. Initiating repair and requesting confirmation is carried out through content questions and polar questions respectively. Seeking agreement is performed through polar questions.
Three non-manual mechanisms are repeatedly observed accompanying a majority of questions: eye gaze at the end of the questions, eyebrow movements, and head movements. Gazing behavior functions as a conversation regulator. It is a turn-yielding cue. Eyebrow movements are associated with the functions. Questioners tend to do furrowed eyebrows (AU4) when they have doubt or do not understand what the previous utterances have been said whereas tend to raise their eyebrows (AU1+2) when they want to ask for information or confirmation. As for head movements, manual signs sometimes influence the position or movements of the head. Tilting is relatively common co-occurring with questions but it does not occur with most questions.
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