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題名：風險意向模式：於客觀測驗中定量與測量學生對知識確定之風險接受
作者：席德恩
作者(外文)：Brady Michael Jack
校院名稱：國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱：科學教育研究所
指導教授：劉嘉茹
邱鴻麟
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2011
主題關鍵詞：評量；信心；測驗；風險接受；科學教育；assessment；confidence；measurement；risk taking；science education
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如同純科學研究者致力於建立更敏感的測量工具以補捉自然世界的潛在現象般，本研究者亦致力於建立一個更敏感的測量工具以補捉學生心中對知識確定之風險接受的潛在現象。藉由控制受試者為他/她對某一問題答案的信心去配分，研究者可以確認此工具以不複雜方式而得到特別的效果，包含受試者對其所認為的知識正確性之確定。
本研究提出一個叫做「風險意向」的模式，它可以測量受試者對知識確定的感覺，並將其數位化成界於０與１的量尺。利用這個單一的數字，研究者可以估計受試者對特定知識中正確性感覺之風險接受機率的程度。將此正確性的感覺數位化後（後文稱為風險意向分數[RIS]），可以提供研究者一個客觀且可管理的方式，來追蹤受試者在測驗中相關知識的風險接受。從6 個測驗所獲得的結果發現，RIS 比傳統沒有配分的測驗可以更敏感來區別男、女性受試者對知識的確定。
風險意向模式(RIM)包含三個部份：(1) 信心配分；(2) 受限的情境；(3) 風險意向方程式。此三個部份可以讓外在觀察者察覺受試者對知識確定之風險接受的內心狀態。
為了測試RIM 在評估受試者對知識確定之風險接受的內心狀態，研究者協同5
位8 年級中學老師，對147 位學生實施為期14 週且歷經6 個客觀測驗的實驗。本研究結果顯示RIM 比傳統沒有配分的測驗可以更敏感來區別男、女性受試者對知識的確定。最後，本研究的限制、意涵及對未來的建議也一併做討論。
Just as investigators in the pure sciences continue to endeavor to create instruments of greater sensitivity to capture the hidden phenomena of the natural world, this investigator endeavored to create an assessment method of greater sensitivity to capture the hidden phenomena of risk taking toward knowledge certainty in the mind of the student. By controlling the way a respondent weighs his or her confidence toward an answer selection, this investigator
was able to identify its exclusive effects on how the respondent reflected upon felt feelings of certainty toward rightness he or she had toward his or her knowledge, uncomplicated by answer selection error or omission.
This study presents a model entitled Risk Inclination that uses a respondent’s analog feelings of knowledge certainty toward his or her test answer responses and digitizes them into a single 1st factorial moment of probability on a scale between 0 and 1. It is by this single number that researchers can approximate the weight or degree of risk taking probability that a respondent has toward feelings of rightness of a specific area of knowledge being tested. Digitizing these feelings of rightness into a single number (hereafter called a Risk Inclination Score [RIS])provides researchers with an objective and manageable way to isolate and track the nature of risk taking among respondents toward a number of associated areas of knowledge being tested. Results collected from six tests demonstrate that RIS is more sensitive to differences of certainty toward knowledge between genders than measures of confidence weighting or non-confidence weighting (i.e., viewing an answer response as only being correct or incorrect).
The Risk Inclination Model (RIM) is composed of three components: (1) confidence weighting, (2) restricted context, and (3) risk inclination formula. It is by way of these three components that an outside observer is connected with a respondent’s inner state of risk taking
toward knowledge certainty.
To test the effectiveness of RIM in assessing a respondent’s inner state of risk taking toward knowledge certainty, this investigator worked with five 8th grade middle school teachers to implement its use on six objective tests given to their students (n=147) over a period of 14 weeks. Results collected during this investigation demonstrated that RIM was more sensitive to
differences of certainty toward knowledge between genders than separate measures of confidence weighting or non-confidence weighting (i.e., viewing an answer response as only being correct or incorrect). Limitations of the study, implications of the research, and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
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