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題名：國際企業之賄絡動機、機會、公平及其行為意圖
作者：黃菊馨
作者(外文)：Chu-Hsin (Julie)Huang
校院名稱：國立成功大學
系所名稱：國際經營管理研究所博士班
指導教授：吳萬益
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2013
主題關鍵詞：賄賂；動機；機會；自覺公平；動機理論；制度理論；公平理論；行賄意圖.；Bribery；Motivation；Opportunity；Perceived fairness；Motivation theory；Institutional theory；Fairness theory；Intentions to bribe.
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在許多開發中國家，行賄顯然是個普遍的現象，而如何減少此種行為發生，已是許多國家政府、國際政府間組織、非政府組織、貿易協會與企業團體優先處置事項；目前，許多研究皆投入於行賄議題的關注，但大多數是由被認定收賄的政府官員觀點來探討，只有少數研究是由企業人士的觀點，也就是行賄的供方來作研究。
雖然行賄已行之有年，許多相關研究也已具體，但是企業參與行賄的真正原因仍未明；此研究之目的是為了探索與檢驗行賄的動機，根據動機-機會-能力（MOA）理論，探索何者為企業進行賄賂的基本動機，更延伸制度理論和公平理論的機會概念，針對相關問題進行研究與檢驗，揭露企業於何種情況下進行行賄時，將強化或削弱其行為意圖。基於此背景，本文設計了三項系列之研究，第一項研究採用質性研究（關鍵事件法- CIT），探討企業人士行賄之動機為何，以及其動機在何種情況下將導致更強的行賄意圖，第二項（調查）和第三項（實驗）等順序的實證研究，及進行驗證研究結果。
從三項研究中，本研究主張賄賂的三個基本動機為從屬關係、成就感和權力動機，這些動機決定了公司行賄相關之行為意圖；本研究更進一步認為自覺公平與環境的機會，具塑造或重塑動機和行賄意圖的效果，即行賄結果低於預期時，組織(個體)傾向於重新配置其行為流程；同樣地，在國外其行賄結果可能增強或削弱從屬關係、成就感與組織（個人）權力之本質；本研究將每一項研究與未來研究方向之侷限性一併提出，具體呈現管理及學術之涵義與影響。
In many developing countries, bribery is a seemingly endemic problem and reducing this behavior has become a priority for many national governments, international intergovernmental bodies, non-governmental organizations, trade associations, and business organization. Currently, many studies have devoted their attentions on bribery, but mostly are from government officers’ perspective, who is assumed to be the recipients of bribery. However, only few studies discuss bribery from the bribery suppliers, which are business people.
Although bribery exists for a long time and many studies have been done, however, the true reasons why firms engage in bribery remain unresolved. This study purposely explores and examines what are the motivations to bribe. Based on motivation-opportunity-ability (MOA) theory, this study addresses the basic motivations of firms to engage in bribery. Moreover, this study extends the concept of opportunity based on institutional theory and also fairness theory to address the research question under what conditions that firm’s motivations to bribe are strengthen or weaken on their behavioral intentions.
Based on that background, this dissertation designed three series of studies. The first study employs qualitative (critical incident technique – CIT) to explore what are the motivations of business people to bribe and under what conditions that their motivations lead to stronger intentions to bribe. The second (survey) and third studies (experiment) are sequences of empirical studies to validate the findings of study one.
From three studies, this dissertation asserts that three basic motivations to bribe are affiliation, achievement, and power motives. These motivations determine firm’s behavioral intentions related to bribery. This dissertation further posits that perceived fairness and environmental opportunities shape and reshape the effects of motivations and bribery intentions. When the outcomes are less than expected, organizations (individuals) tend to reconfigure their processes. Similarly, outcomes could strengthen or weaken the nature of affiliation, achievement, and power of organizations (individuals) on their bribery in abroad. Managerial and academic implications are presented, along with limitations for each study and future research directions.
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