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題名：台灣南極觀光持續發展之機制
作者：蕭新浴 引用關係
作者(外文)：Hsiao, Hsin-yu
校院名稱：中國文化大學
系所名稱：地學研究所博士班
指導教授：鄭勝華
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2013
主題關鍵詞：南極地理特性；持續發展；南極條約；南極觀光；Geographic charaateristics of Antarctic Region；Sustainable development；Antarctic Treaty；Antarctic tourism
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南極大陸自1821年美國探險家 John Davis首次登陸Hughes Bay以來，這個面積1,400萬km2，占世界陸地面積約9.4％的大洲，漸漸為世人認識。由於距離世界各大洲精華區遙遠、加上自然環境嚴酷多變，表面覆蓋的冰層總體積約2,800萬km3，佔全球總淡水量的96％，是世界最大的淡水庫具有珍稀價值。
1959年，由12個國家簽署「南極條約」規定南極洲爲非武裝區，僅允許設置科學研究站，後來又有多國加入，目前有150餘個科學站(常年站約40個)，夏季有4,000名科學人員駐站研究，冬季則剩千人留守，於是南極成為沒有永久居民的淨土。人類對南極的生態之旅一直嚮往，1966年紐約的Lindblad Travel旅行社首辦南極旅行團，其後各國旅行社跟進，以登陸南極的旅客而言(不包括搭遊輪遠眺者)1997年約9,604人，2011年約22,122人(IAATO)。台灣的南極觀光活動起步較晚，1990年代以參加國外旅行團為主，2000年代國內市場開始萌芽。
本研究採取觀光地理的理論架構，透過對南極地區觀光資源分析、目的地相關法規限制的認知、比較國外與台灣南極旅遊發展歷程、掌握主要遊程與遊客行為特性，企圖理出台灣持續發展南極旅遊的機制。研究方法主要以質化與量化相輔進行 : 除了實地赴南極地區地理實察外、並進行專家訪談、設計問卷調查相關旅行業、南極旅遊代理業、台灣的南極旅客及南極科學站人員等建立基礎資料，並進一步交叉比對尋找影響南極旅遊發展之因子、需求動機、選擇偏好與消費行為模式等。
研究結果顯示，台灣南極觀光的未來發展，因為內在的優勢與外在的機會，都呈現持續發展的有利條件；惟亦存在有內在的弱勢及外在的威脅。因此，為掌握南極觀光持續發展的機制，宜透過旅行業者共同努力、隨時了解外在環境的變化，善用公司內部的資源，妥善規劃行程、趨吉避凶、提高旅遊內涵與品質，讓旅客獲得珍貴的南極自然與人文地理獨特的體驗，達成南極觀光的持續發展。
關鍵字：南極地理特性、持續發展、南極條約、南極觀光
Abstract
The Antarctica with a surface area 14 million square miles has become well-known gradually since the American explorer-John Davis landed Hughes Bay in 1821. It occupies an area about 9.4% of the land in the world. It distants long from every continent in the world, and its nature environment is varied and tough. It is covered by thick layer of ice (2,800,000 KM3) that makes up 96% of the world’s fresh water reserves. There is no government at whatever level, and management of the Antarctic is organized through the legal framework of the Antarctic Treaty of 1959, which is signed by (12 nations.
The 1959 Antarctic Treaty preserves the status quo of the continent by neither recognizing nor rejecting the claims by those signing countries and by not allowing expansion in any way on the continent. There are today 150 scientific research stations in Antarctica sponsored by about 40 stations) , which engage 4,000 scientists in the summer season, and about a thousand in the winter. Antarctic region is the last frontier in the world without permanent inhabitants. But everyone looks forward to eco-tourism in Antarctica all the time. In 1966, a travel agency from New York called Linblad came off the first commercial Antarctica cruise itinerary and was followed by agencies of all countries since. In 1997, 9,604 visitors landed in the Antarctic region (without cruise-only visitors). In the 2011 season that number had increased to 22,122 (IAATO), according to the statistics of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators. The expanding of Antarctic region tourism market in Taiwan is late. In 1990, Taiwanese tourists travelled through foreign travel itineraries, but since 2000, Antarctic tourism has boomed in Taiwan as domestic business.
This study took geographic tourism as framework to analyze polar tourism in Antarctic region. Through, main itinerary records, regulations in destination places, reported tourist behaviors, and comparison between foreign and Taiwan Antarctic tourism, we try to identify a sustainable development mechanism of Taiwanese tournism in Antarctica. The research conducted both quantificative and qualitative analysis, including: field investigate, questionnaire, professional interviews, data analysis…etc. We choose and collect the data information as a sample from Taiwan tourism industry, travel agents, visitors of Antarctica, and scientists in Antarctica to searched the perception, behavior, and motivation of visitors in Antarctica, and analyzed their consumption pattern during their Antarctica tour.
The research results show that sustainable development mechanism of Antarctic tourism in Taiwan as following:
For the future development of Taiwan Antarctic tour activities, the internal strengths and external opportunities have shown favorable conditions for sustainable development. However, in order to handle the internal weaknesses and external threats, we need all travel agencies to make joint efforts, to understand the changes in the external environment, efficent use of company resources, to make a well-planned trip and to stay out of trouble. From this, it will be able to enhance the meaning and quality of travel, and so travelers can obtaind the unique experience of precious Antarctic natural and human geography. We believe that we can develop sustainable development mechanism of Antarctic tourism.
Key words: Geographic charaateristics of AntarcticRegion, Sustainable development, Antarctic Treaty, Antarctic tourism
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