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題名:從資源基礎觀點與體制理論探討企業在新興經濟體之競爭優勢: 中國壽險市場個案
作者:陳志昌 引用關係
作者(外文):Chihchang Chen
校院名稱:國立雲林科技大學
系所名稱:企業管理系博士班
指導教授:雷漢聲
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2013
主題關鍵詞:體制理論個案研究資源基礎理論中國壽險Institution theoryChinaLife insuranceCase studyResource-based view
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本研究之主要目的係藉由中國壽險市場個案,探討企業如何在新興經濟體中從資源基礎觀點與體制理論的角度切入以維持其競爭優勢。
透過相關文獻理論的推論,假設人力資源管理、市場結盟、組織學習能力皆正向影響企業之績效表現,而體制理論中的管理者外部聯繫、公司獲取與運用資源之意圖、法令規範影響則扮演干擾前述關係之角色,產生互補或互斥的影響。
為求能更深入了解特定產業其全貌及維持競爭優勢之策略,本研究方法採行個案研究,由中國保險市場56家人身保險公司中挑選4家各具代表性(如:最大國營/首家民營/唯一全外資/外資參股)之公司做為研究對象。
根據個案訪談、文件、歷史資料、參與觀察後,搜集的資料進行整理分析,本研究獲致如下結論:
一、在中國大陸,壽險公司(不論本國或外資)所擁有的能耐大致相似,差異在於運用的強度有別。另外,公司規模的大小則與所擁有的能耐多寡呈正向關係。
二、公司所擁有的能耐都對其績效表現產生正相關,與文獻的推論相符。
三、至於,加入體制理論的干擾因素後,則產生互補:如管理者外部聯繫(Managerial Tie)能強化人力資源管理能力(Human Resource Management Capability)使績效更佳。尤其,公司獲取與運用資源之意圖(Willingness of firms to obtain or deploy resource)明顯影響市場結盟能耐對績效之關係。法令規範壓力(Regulation Pressure)的干擾效果之正反,完全取決於政府主管機關。
四、 由於本研究採個案研究方式較不受特定變數量測的限制,在「建信人壽」個案中發現與企業海外投資理論(FDI)相悖的情況。即是,在市場法令開放之際企業理應選擇增加其投資比例(掌控權),而台灣中國人壽卻反其道,選擇僅能參股比例較低,投資由中國建設銀行主導之「建信人壽」,進入市場。
The main purpose of this research is to explore the firm’s competitive advantage within the emerging economy from resource-based view and institutional theory by investigating China life insurance industry.
After reviewed relative literatures, we use the case study in order to deeply understand the whole picture of a certain industry and the firm’s competitive advantage. This study chooses 4 sample companies from 56 life insurer in China market. (They are representatives as the biggest state-own, first private, wholly foreign, and foreign join-venture life insurance company.)
Based on the interview, documents, archival records, and participant-observation, we concluded the followings:
1. In China, life insurers own the similar capabilities but with the different strength of utilization. Also, the bigger the company size is, the more diverse capabilities the company own.
2. All capabilities which insurers owned are positively influence the firm’s performance. That matched our propositions.
3. After considering the moderation of institutional factors, there are some complementary effects such as managerial tie strengthens the human resource management capability and positively influence the firm’s performance. In addition, the willingness of firms to obtain or deploy resource obviously reinforces the relationship between marketing alliance capability and firm’s performance. Regulation Pressure’s moderation effects fully depend on governmental institutions.
4. Since the characteristic of case study has not only measured some certain variables, we found an opposite situation on FDI theory in CCB Life case. Taiwan China Life insurance company joins venture with CCB Life as only 19.9% shares, while the regulations have been relaxed restrictions gradually.
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