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題名：中小型照明企業事務人員專業職能個案分析
作者：吳凰菁
作者(外文)：Hwang-Ching Wu
校院名稱：國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱：工業科技教育學系
指導教授：孫仲山
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2014
主題關鍵詞：中小企業；照明業；事務人員；專業職能；個案研究；SME(Small and Medium -sized Enterprise)；Lighting industry；General affairs staff；Professional competency；Case study
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本研究旨在探討、分析與比較中小型照明企業事務人員，其「組織期望」與「實務需求」之專業職能內容，並歸納其從事重要代表事件應具備的內涵模組。
為達此目的，研究方法以個案研究策略，採用文件分析、參與觀察、深度訪談等方法的混合研究設計之解釋式設計-參與者選擇模式(participant selection model)，並為期共計3個月正式觀察與1個月深度訪談期程。研究對象係以4名負責人資、總務、財務與會計事務人員為主，並以「文件分析表」、「半結構化觀察表」、「半結構化深度訪談大綱」為主要研究工具。其中，「文件分析表」歸類信度達99.39%，「半結構化觀察表」則有一致的觀察信度，兩者的效度因長期涉入分析情境亦為良好。
而本研究之資料處理係以進行描述統計(平均數、標準差、次數與百分比)與推論統計(中位數考驗、卡方考驗)處理組織期望與實務需求結果的內容；而另採質性詮釋現象學取向進行樣版分析，歸納34件從事重要代表事件應具備的專業職能內涵，其符合質性研究「可信賴性」(credibility)、「可轉換性」(transferability)與「可靠性」(dependability)的分析原則。
本研究獲致主要結論如下：
一、人資事務人員專業職能
在組織期望結果中，應重視全體人員權益性之作業；在實務需求結果中，其經常扮演跨單位整合性質的廣幅涉獵角色；另就組織期望與實務需求之比較結果中，專業知識整體較為一致。專業技能僅少數子項排序較接近一致。專業態度則「溝通協調性」最為一致，「執行力」排序差異最大；重要代表事件中，著重對跨單位整合與專業態度的養成，其為主動性角色。
二、總務事務人員專業職能
在組織期望結果中，傾向對內重團隊，對外重資訊敏感的期望；在實務需求結果中，多半以互動性特質來從事對外臨時性的工作居多；另就組織期望與實務需求之比較結果中，專業知識「電腦文書軟體使用之概念」、「勞安衛生的概念」排序較為一致。專業技能則部分項目兩者間落差為大。專業態度，「溝通協調」在兩者間皆是相當重視且需求頻繁的項目；重要代表事件中，側重對專業技能的發揮，其為支援性角色。
三、財務事務人員專業職能
在組織期望結果中，應具備業務內容規劃性知識，並善用個人特質執行高相關度的財務工作；在實務需求結果中，偏向高度直接專業範疇與間接支援工作為主；另就組織期望與實務需求之比較結果中，專業知識「應用類」排序接近一致。專業技能「其他」各子項排序差異最大。專業態度，其子項「溝通」也具與上述事務人員接近的排序；重要代表事件中，聚焦於跨部門整合流程的順暢，其為整合性角色。
四、會計事務人員專業職能
在組織期望結果中，應主動擁有豐富工作目標連結知識，且重視橫向聯繫連結性；在實務需求結果中，需以善用個人特質及工具性導向的知識從事龐雜、多元、跨單位的工作；另就組織期望與實務需求之比較結果中，專業知識以成本會計流程、電腦資料庫系統操作知識排序為一致。專業技能「內部控制管理」與「其他」是各類別中子項排序差異最多的大類。專業態度僅「細心」排序吻合；重要代表事件中，強調於專業經驗的累積，其為稽核性角色。
而本研究之價值與貢獻如下：凸顯未來職能研究方向應考量個殊差異情形的重要性；首創以長時共融互動、涉入觀察取得第一手事實資料；分析架構融合特質論、能力論與其他論者，以整體性概念檢視專業職能內涵，將職能引領更深層次探討。
最後，將上述研究結果提出具體之建議，以供個案企業、學校、政府推行職能機構、產業界之參考。
The purpose of this research was to discuss, analyze and compare the content in “organizational expectations” and “practical needs” of professional competency of general affairs staff in a small and medium-sized enterprise in the lighting industry, and summarized the professional competency contexts from the important events.
To attach the purpose, it used document analysis, participant observation, in-depth interviews in mixed research design, and which spent three months period in formal observation and one month period in-depth interviews in this research. The objects of the research were four people that deal with human resource(HR), general affairs, financial and accounting. Besides, there were “document analysis form”,” semi-structured observation form” and “semi-structured in-depth interviews outline” for the main research measurement. Among them, the “document analysis form” categorized 99.39% of the reliability, and “semi-structured observation form” was with good observed reliability. And also, both of them were good validity.
Descriptive statistics (included Mean, SD, Frequency and Percentages)and inferential statistics(included Median Test, Test for Homogeneity of Kai-Squre) could be used in dealing with data analysis in “organizational expectations” and “practical needs “of the content results. And, also used template analytic techniques with hermeneutic phenomenology oriented to analysis the professional competency contexts from the 34 important events. The qualitative results fitted the analysis principles of credibility, transferability and dependability in qualitative research.
The results of the research should be included:
1. For the professional competency of human resources(HR) staff
Expected results in the organization, they should pay attention to the right of whole staff. In the result of practical needs, they should play a cross-unit integrated role on their job. And compared the results of both, the professional knowledge were similar results, and the professional skills were only several items to be close. Finally, the professional attitude on “communication” were the same and “execution” were the most different. As to the professional competency contexts from the important events, focusing on cross-unit integration and to develop a professional attitude, which was proactive role.
2. For the professional competency of general staff
Expected results in the organization, they stressed the spirits of team work in internal working channels and stressed the sense of information in external working channels. In the result of practical needs, they often finished the temporary task outside with interactive personality. And compared the results of both, ”the concept of using computer software instruments” and “the concept of labor health” of the professional knowledge are with similar results. And, the professional skills, there were several items more inconsistent. Finally, “communication” was the most popular items of the professional attitude. As to the professional competency contexts from the important events, showing the professional skills in daily task, which was a supportive role.
3. For the professional competency of financial staff
Expected results in the organization, having a good ability to design the financial working schedule with personal traits was very important. In the result of practical needs, they focused on highly specialized professional financial field and indirectly supported the task of other units. And compared the results of both, the professional knowledge in the part of “application”, the order was nearly unanimous. The professional skills which was called “others”, were most inconsistent. Finally, the professional attitude, “communication” was also a close as above. As to the professional competency contexts from the important events, stressing smooth on cross-unit integration process was main goal, which was integrated role.
4. For the professional competency of accounting staff
Expected results in the organization, they should have target-linking knowledge on their daily connectivity work. In the result of practical needs, they should apply the skills of instrumental-oriented to do their various and complex tasks. And compared the results of both, “accounting processes” and “computerized database system of operational knowledge” were consistent in the professional knowledge. The professional skills in "management on internal control " and "other" were the most inconsistent. Finally, the professional attitude, "attentive" was an only anastomosis item of all. As to the professional competency contexts from the important events, adding the professional experience on their work field, which was auditing roles.
The value and contribution of this research were as follows. First, it should be considered the special difference in future research directions of professional competency. Second, it was gotten the first-hand observation data during the research period, which the researcher was in long interaction with research objects. Third, the researcher used and combined the three framework of theories, in order to lead deeper discussion for the professional competency.
In conclusion, specific and practical suggestions would be discussed and to be further directions for the case company, schools, promotion agencies in government of competency fields, and lighting industries.
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英文部分

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