:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:從心理偏誤探討國中小學教師的財務行為
作者:杜玉娟
作者(外文):Tu, Yu-Chuan
校院名稱:國立臺南大學
系所名稱:教育學系教育經營與管理碩博士班
指導教授:黃宗顯
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:展望理論心理偏誤心理帳戶從眾傾向結構方程模型psychological biasherdingmental accountingstructural equation modeling
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:0
個人的財務行為不僅會受到外在環境因素的影響,許多行為財務學的研究認為個人內在心理偏誤造成的有限理性,亦會影響財務行為。在退撫制度的修改以及少子化的因素影響下,我國國中小學教師已開始面對退撫危機和職場危機的衝擊,此時心理偏誤亦發揮其影響力。本研究援引展望理論以及相關之心理偏誤:從眾傾向和心理帳戶,探討危機對教師們財務行為的影響、危機對教師們心理偏誤的影響、心理偏誤對教師們財務行為的影響以及人口統計變項對教師們財務行為的影響。在立意抽樣的657個樣本中,本研究應用AMOS和SPSS,以t檢定和結構方程模型分析方法進行分析,發現退撫危機對教師們的財務行為有間接的顯著影響,職場危機則為直接的顯著影響;退撫危機對心理帳戶和從眾傾向有顯著的影響,而職場危機的影響則未達統計上的顯著水準;從眾傾向對教師們的財務行為有直接和間接的顯著影響,心理帳戶也有直接的顯著影響而且影響力最高;從眾傾向對教師的心理帳戶有直接的顯著影響。此外,從眾傾向和心理帳戶為退撫危機和財務行為間的中介變項,但在職場危機和財務行為之間的中介效果則未達統計上的顯著水準。本研究發現國中小學教師在危機下的財務行為會展現積極的退休規劃行為,比較願意面對風險以開拓財源。因此,本研究建議教師們應學習相關財務金融知識,透過強化自主投資能力以開拓財源,累積足夠的退休儲蓄準備。
Personal financial behavior is not only affected by external environment factors. There have been many studies in Behavioral Finance considering the inherent psychological biases and resulting bounded rationality which have been demonstrated to influence personal financial behavior. As a result of recent pension reform and the declining birthrate in Taiwan, teachers who serve in junior high schools and primary schools have been subject to local pension crisis and career crisis. This study applies prospect theory and related psychological biases, specifically herding and mental accounting, to investigate how this newly introduced external crisis influences teacher’s financial behavior and psychological biases. Investigation into how psychological biases affect teacher’s financial behavior is also studied, taking into account relevant demographic variables which may cause differences in financial behavior. Based on 657 samples taken by purposive sampling, this study utilizes the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method with t testing using AMOS and SPSS software for the proceeding analysis. Resulting analysis demonstrates that the local pension crisis has had a statistically significant indirect effect on the sampled teacher’s financial behavior. We also found that the career crisis resulting from the declining birth rate in Taiwan has had a significant direct effect. With regard to the influence on herding and mental accounting, contrasting results were encountered: a statistically significant effect was found resulting from the pension crisis; however the influence resulting from the career crisis was found to be not statistically significant. Mental accounting was found to have a significant direct effect on the financial behavior of teachers, as well as herding. We also found that herding have a significant direct effect on mental account. In addition to these results, both herding and mental accounting were found to act as a moderator between the pension crisis and financial behavior, though the same cannot be said for the career crisis and observed financial behavior. This study found that when local teachers were faced with a financial crisis, they will demonstrate active retirement planning and an increased willingness to face risks for development of financial resources. Therefore, this study suggests teachers should study related financial knowledge to enhance their ability to develop their own financial resources through their own investment capability to accumulate retirement savings.
壹、中文部分
文超順(2006)。臺灣地區縣市國民中小學超額教師介聘之研究。學校行政雙月刊,45,237-246。
王惠屏(2003)。框架與逃漏稅-展望理論在教師課稅問題之研究。國立政治大學財政研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
江宏儒(2002)。股票市場從眾傾向之探討:新興市場與已開發國家之比較。高雄第一科技大學財務管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
李承祐(2009)。金融海嘯變動期間外資與法人從眾傾向之研究。開南大學財務金融學系碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。
李春安、王嘉祺和羅進水(2013)。貪婪與恐懼對投資人風險調整行為之影響-展望理論觀點。證券市場發展季刊,98,1-54。
李春安、陳輝格和林慶章(2011)。基金經理人風險調整行為之研究-展望理論觀點。財務金融學刊,19(1),33-61。
李勝彰(2003)。國民中學教師工作壓力、因應策略與退休態度之研究。彰化師範大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化市。
何金巡、孫克難和林世銘(2004,四月)。財政平衡之總體經濟計量分析。載於國立東華大學經濟學系舉辦之「第四屆全國實證經濟學論文研討會」,花蓮縣。
吳明隆(2005)。SPSS 與統計應用分析。臺北:五南。
吳萬益和林清河(2001)。企業研究方法。台北市:華泰文化。
吳政仲、黃雄鵬、陳秋雄、麥英士和唐秋華(2010,12月)。網路購物消費者風險態度、心理帳戶與從眾傾向對顧客知覺價值之研究。載於台南應用科大資管系舉辦之「電子化企業實務研討暨論文發表會」研討會論文集,頁48-67,台南市。
吳淑蕙(2011)。屏東縣國小導師工作壓力與工作倦怠關係之研究。屏東教育大學社會發展學系碩士論文,未出版,屏東市。
吳靖東(2009)。個別投資人風險偏好程度與股票交易行為:以模擬交易為例。創新與管理,6(2),21-37。
林芳姿(2010)。台北地區國小教師理財認知、退休理財規劃與理財行為之研究。臺北市立教育大學歷史與地理學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
林孫芳(2005)。通貨膨脹風險與退休理財規劃之探討。元智大學管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。
林曉琪(2013)。財政健全政策公平之意涵。當代財政,27,103-108。
邱皓政(2004)。結構方程模式:LISREL的理論、技術與應用。臺北市:雙葉書廊。
周賓凰(2002)。認知失調與其於財務研究之應用。貨幣觀測與信用評等,38,15-22。
周賓凰、池祥萱、周冠男和龔怡霖(2002)。行為財務學:文獻回顧與展望。證券市場發展,14(2),1-48。
姚蕙芸和張四薰(2011)。金融商品投資人心理帳戶行為之研究。北商學報, 20,1-16。
凌忠嫄(2013)。當前財政問題之因應。當代財政,26,1-12。
涂淑安和鄒美玲(2013)。小學教師工作士氣:從退休制度再變革談起。臺灣教育評論月刊,3(2),111-114。
許藝齡(2010)。公務人員使用國民旅遊卡從事旅遊行為之研究-心理帳戶觀點之應用。高雄餐旅大學旅遊管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
高惠娟、戴有德、羅啟甫和金珍玲(2011,1月)。投資人從眾傾向與衝動性購買行為之探討-以加入股友社為例。論文發表於2011 行為財務學暨新興市場理論與實證研討會,台北市。
陳宜棻(2010)。從展望理論觀點探討網路口碑對消費者購買意願之影響。電子商務學報,12(3),527-546。
陳青浩、林明俊、陸裕方和隋安莉(2008)。高雄縣國小教師理財及退休規劃之研究。嘉南學報,34,791- 805。
陳思涵(2012)。行為財務學:不同風險情況下面臨獲利和損失之決策行為。國立臺灣科技大學管理學院MBA碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
陳清溪、劉炳輝、林敬欽、黃拓榮、洪美珠、簡炎輝和曹春金(2006)。國立國民小學因應少子化現象之研究。教育研究院籌備處第103期國小校長儲訓班專題研究-子計畫一:行政管理, 3-31。
陳寬政(2009)。人口老化的原因與結果。人文與社會科學簡訊,10(2),28-39。
郭政嘉(2012)。以行為財務學的觀點探討彰化縣國中教師的投資行為。國立彰化師範大學商業教育學系碩士論文,未出版,彰化市。
郭敏華(2011)。行為財務學。台北市:智勝文化事業有限公司。
郭敏華、郭迺鋒、邱耀初和范秉航(2005)。性別與投資計畫:以台灣股票投資人為例。財務金融學刊,13(2),1-28。
溫騰光(2006)。台北市國民小學教師理財態度、規劃與工具之研究。淡江大學企業管理系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
黃世鑫(2009,1月)。由金融海嘯和財政危機省思我國軍公教退撫制度財務問題。台灣新社會智庫電子報。2014年3月17日,取自http://www.taiwansig.tw/index.php?option=com_rdletter&Itemid=128&limit=20&limitstart=220。
黃芳銘(2007)。結構方程模型—理論與應用。台北:五南。
黃宗顯和劉健慧(2010)。少子化對國民小學的衝擊及其因應策略-香港的經驗與啟示。教育政策論壇,13(2),159-196。
黃清滿(2005)。基金管理之不確定性與投資計畫: 探討基金經理人之生涯規劃、競賽與從眾傾向。國立成功大學企業管理學系博士論文,未出版,台南市。
黃韻陵(2008)。展望理論在教育行銷的應用。國立中山大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
張四薰(2007)。投資大眾的心理過程、風險態度對處分效果之影響研究。國立台北大學企業管理學系碩士班碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
張幸惠(2011)。股市投資人的續擴承諾之探討。東吳經濟商學週報,75,133-166。
張幸惠(2012)。心理因素、處置效應與投資績效關係之探討。中華管理評論國際學報,15(2),1-22。
張秀蓮(2003)。當前我國財政問題分析與財政改革展望。當代會計,4(1),103-117。
張祥麟(2010)。框架效果、順序效果對教師教學滿意調查的影響。元智大學管理研究所碩士班碩士論文,未出版,台北縣。
張雅惠(2008)。臺北市國民小學因應減班超額教師問題對策及教師意見之調查研究。國立臺北教育大學教育政策與管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。
張德銳(2010)。喚醒沈睡的巨人-論教師領導在我國中小學的發展。臺北市立教育大學學報,41(2),81-110。
張樹人(2013)。我國公職教師退撫基金危機之研究。長庚大學管理學院碩士學位學程在職專班經營管理組碩士論文,未出版,台北縣。
張麗娟(2009)。散戶投資人後悔情緒與決策行為分析。中華管理評論國際學報,12(1),1-31。
張憲庭(2005)。少子化現象對學校經營管理之衝擊與因應之道。學校行政雙月刊,36,87-93。
彭國鈞(2011)。展望理論框架效應運用在學校組織變革。國立台南大學教育經營與管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
彭毓珍(2003)。台灣股票與指數期貨市場投資人行為之研究。國立成功大學管理學院EMBA碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
傅澤偉和林曼莉(2010)。基金特性及外部環境對於基金經理人從眾傾向的相關性 。臺灣銀行季刊,61(2),26-45。
楊千儀(2006)。當教育遇見多元文化--我們的問題、困惑和省思。現代教育論壇,14,533-542。
葉智丞和李春安(2012)。投資人情緒、從眾與非從眾傾向關聯性之研究。證券市場發展,24(3),141-182。
鄭子云和陳工孟(2002)。個人財務策劃:理論與實務。香港:商務印書館。
鄭伶如(2009)。企業聲望、人口統計變項與從眾傾向關聯行之研究,載於2009海峽兩岸財金趨勢研討會(第6屆財務金融及財金未來學術暨實務研討會)論文集光碟,台北市。
蔡祐仁(2011)。教師心理帳戶之研究-以彰化縣國小為例。國立彰化師範大學商業教育學系碩士論文,未出版,彰化市。
蕭佳純、董旭英和黃宗顯(2009)。少子化現象對國小教育發展之影響及其因應對策。臺中教育大學學報,23(1),25-47。
劉致緯(2008)。數字資訊揭露型態與參考點效果對投資人行為決策影響之實證研究。國立臺北大學企業管理學系博士論文,未出版,台北市。

鍾國璽(2012)。學校價格策略的訊息框架對國小六年級學生家長選校意願影響之研究。國立台南大學教育經營與管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
蘇建洲(2005)。國中小學教師退休財政負擔之因應策略之研究-以台南市政府為例。學校行政雙月刊,37,171-181。
羅耀宗(譯)(2013)。J.E. Stiglitz著。不公平的代價。台北市:天下雜誌。


貳、英文部分
Adams, C. J., & Webley, P. (2001). Small business owners’ attitudes on VAT compliance in the UK. Journal of Economic Psychology, 22, 195-216.
Adams, G.A., & Rau, B.L. (2011). Putting off tomorrow to do what you want today: Planning for retirement. American Psychologist, 180-192.
Al-Hawari, M., Hartley, N., & Ward, T. (2005). Measuring bank’s automated service quality: A confirmatory factor analysis approach. Marketting Bulletin, 16(50), 1-19.
Alexander, G.J., Baptista, A.M. (2011). Portfolio selection with mental accounts and delegation. Journal of Banking and Finance, 35, 2637–2656.
Anderson, J.C., & Gerbing, D.W. (1982). Some methods for respecifying measurement models to obtain unidimensional construct measurement. Journal of Marketing Research, 19, 453-46.
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103 (3), 411-423.
Ando, A., & Modigliani, F. (1963). The “ life cycle” hypothesis of saving: Aggregate implications and tests. The American Economic Review, 53(1), 55-84.
Antonides, A., De Groot, I.M., & Van Raaij, W.F. (2011). Mental budgeting and the management of household finance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32, 546-555.
Arkes, H.R., & Blumer, C. (1985). The psychology of sunk cost. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 35, 124-14.
Arkes, H.R., Joyner, C.A., Pezzo, M.V., Nash, J.G., Siegel-Jacobs, K., Stone, E. (1994). The psychology of windfall gains. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 59, 331–347.
Asch, S. E. (1951). Effect of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgments. Journal of Marketing Research, 16, 394-40.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Baumgartner, H. (1994). The evaluation of structural equation models and hypothesis testing. In R. Bagozzi (Ed.), Principles of Marketing Research (pp. 386-422). Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell.
Banerjee, A. (1992). A simple model of herd behavior. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 57(3), 797-817.
Baptista, A.M. (2008). Optimal delegated portfolio management with background risk. Journal of Banking and Finance, 32, 977-985.
Baptista, A.M. (2012). Portfolio selection with mental accounts and background risk. Journal of Banking and Finance, 36, 968-980.
Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (1999). The courage of misguided convictions. Financial Analysis Journal, 55(6), 41-55.
Barber, B. M., & Odean. T. (2001). Boys will be boys: Gender, overconfidence, and common stock investment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(1), 261-292.
Barberis, N. (2013). Thirty years of prospect theory in economics: A review and assessment. JEP 27(1), 173-196.
Barberis, N., & Xiong, W. (2012). Realization utility. Journal of Financial Economics, 104, 251-271.
Barberis, N., Huang, M., & Santos, T. (2001). Prospect theory and asset prices. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(1), 1-53.
Baron, R.A., & Byrne, D.E. (1997). Social psychology, 8th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
Bashir, T., Azam, N., Butt, A. A., Javed, A., & Tanvir, A. (2013). Are behavioral biases influenced by demographic characteristics & personality traits? Evidence from Pakistan. European Scientific Journal, 9(29), 277-293.
Bateman, H., Lai, A., & Ralph, S. (2012). Risk information and retirement investment choices under prospect theory. ARC centre of excellence in population ageing research, working paper.
Bearden, W. O., & Rose, R.L. (1990). Attention to social comparison information: An individual difference factor affecting consumer conformity. Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 461-471.
Benartzi, S., & Thaler, R.H. (2013). Behavioral economics and the retirement savings crisis. Science, 339 (6124), 1152-1153.
Bentler, P. M. (1980). Multivariate analysis with latent variables: Causal modeling. Annual review of psychology, 31(1), 419-456.
Bikhchandani, S., & Sharma, S., (2000). Herd behavior in financial markets: A review. IMF Staff Papers, 47(3), 279-31.
Blackwell, R. D., Miniard, P. W., & Engel, J. F. (2001). Consumer behavior (9th ed.). NY: Harcourt.
Bodie, Z., Treussard, J., & Willen, P. (2007). The theory of life‐cycle saving and investing. Public policy, discussion paper.
Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. A. (1992). Bootstrapping goodness-of-fit measures in structural equation models. Sociological Methods and Research, 21, 205-229.
Boomsma, A., & Hoogland, J.J. (2001). The robustness of LISREL modeling revisited. In R. Cudeck, S. du Toit and D. Sörbom (Eds.). Structural equation modeling: Present and future (pp. 139-168). Scientific software international, Chicago.
Boortz, C. K., Jurkatis, S., Kremer, S., & Nautz, D. (2013). The impact of information risk and market stress on institutional trading: New evidence through the lens of a simulated herd model. In Annual Conference 2013 (Duesseldorf): Competition Policy and Regulation in a Global Economic Order (No. 79728). Verein für Socialpolitik/German Economic Association.
Bowe, M., & Domuta, D. (2004). Investor herding during financial crisis: A clinical study of the Jakarta Stock Exchange. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 12, 387- 418.
Bowman, D., Minehart, D., & Rabin, M. (1999). Loss aversion in a consumption savings model. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 38(2), 155-178.
Brendl, C. M., Markman, A. B., & Higgins, E. T. (1998). Mental accounting as self-regulation: Representativeness to goal-derived categories. Zeitschrift Fur Sozialpsychologie, 29(2), 89-104.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.). Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Browning, M., & Crossley, T.F. (2001). The life-cycle model of consumption and saving. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(3), 3-22.
Byrne, B.M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis Group.
Chang, J. C-J., Torkzadeh, G., & Dhillon, G. (2004). Re-examining the measurement models of success for internet commerce. Information Management, 41(5), 577-584.
Cheema, A., & Soman, D. (2006). Malleable mental accounting: The effect of flexibility on the justification of attractive spending and consumption decisions. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 16(1), 33-44.
Cheung, G.W., & Rensvold, R.B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-255.
Chevalier, J., & Ellison, G. (1999). Career concerns of mutual fund managers. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(2), 389-432.
Chiang, T.C., & Zheng, D. (2010). An empirical analysis of herd behavior in global stock market. Journal of banking and finance, 34(8), 1911-1921.
Chui, P. M. W. (2001). An experimental study of the disposition effect: Evidence from Macau. The Journal of Psychology and Financial Markets, 2(4), 216-222.
Clark, G. L. (1998). Stylized facts and close dialogue: Methodology in economic geography. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 88(1), 73–87, Oxford, UK.
Clark, G. L. (2010). Human nature, the environment, and behaviour: Explaining the scope and geographical scale of financial decision-making. Geograiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 92 (2), 159-173.
Clark, G.L., & Strauss, K. (2008). Individual pension-related risk propensities: The effect of socio-demographic characteristics and a spousal pension entitlement on risk altitude. Aging & Society, 28, 847-874.
Clark, R. A., & Goldsmith, R. E. (2006). Global innovativeness and consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 14(4), 275.
Clement, M.B., & Tse, S.Y. (2005). Financial analyst characteristics and herding behavior in forecasting. Journal of Finance, 60, 307-41.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). New York University, New York.
Comrey, A. L. (1988). Factor analytic methods of scale development in personality and clinical psychology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 754-761.
Coval, J., & Shumway, T. (2005). Do behavioral biases affect price? The Journalof Finance, 60(1), 1-34.
Cudeck, R., & Browne, M.W. (1983). Cross-validation of covariance structures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 18, 147-167.
Curran, P. J., West, S. G, & Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1, 16-29.
Currivan, D. B. (1999). The causal order of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in models of employee turnover. Human Resource Management Review, 9(4), 495-524.
Daniel, K., & Titman, S. (1999). Market efficiency in an irrational world. Financial Analyst Journal, 55, 28-4.
Das, S., Markowitz, H., Scheid, J., & Statman, M. (2010). Portfolio optimization with mental accounts. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 45(2), 311-334.
Delafrooz, N. & Paim, L. (2011). Personal saving behavior among malaysian employees: Socio demographic comparison. International Conference on Social Science and Humanity, IPEDR, 5, 361-363.
DeLamater, J. D., & Myers, D. J. (2011). Social psychology (7th Ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Delpachitra, S., & Beal, D. (2002). Factors influencing planning for retirement. Economics Papers, 21(3), 1-13.
Demirer, R., Kutan, A.M., & Chen, C.D. (2010). Do investors herd in emerging stock markets?: Evidence from the Taiwanese market. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76(2), 283-295.
Dhami, S., & Al-Nowaihi, A. (2007). Why do people pay taxes? Prospect theory versus expected utility theory. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 64 (1), 171-192.
Doll, W. J., Xia, W., & Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument. MIS Quarterly, 453-461.
Duflo, E., & Saez, E. (2002). Participation and investment decisions in a retirement plan: the influence of colleagues’ choices. Journal of Public Economics, 85, 121-148.
Duflo, E., & Saez, E. (2003). The role of information and social interactions inretirement plan decisions: Evidence from a randomized experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118, 815-842.
Dvorak, T., & Hanley, H. (2010). Financial literacy and the design of retirement plans. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 39(6), 645-652.
Edwards, F.R., & Caglayan, M. (2001). Hedge fund performance and manager skill. Journal of Futures Markets, 21, 1003-1028.
Egol, M., Clyde, A., & Rangan, K. (2010, March). The new consumer frugality. March 9, 2014, from www.strategybusiness. com/article/00023?pg=all.
Elder, H. W., & Rudolph, P. M. (1999). Does retirement planning affect the level of retirement satisfaction? Financial Services Review, 8, 117-127.
Flatters, P., & Willmott, M. (2009), Understanding the postrecession consumer, Harvard Business Review, 7(8), 106-112
Fornell, C. (1983). Issues in the application of covariance structure analysis: A comment. Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 443-448.
Fornell, C. R., & Larcker, F. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-51.
Fredrickson, J.E. (2012). Prospect theory and saving behaviors during the great recession: 2009 SCF panel survey results. Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business, 6, 1-17.
Froot, K.A., Scharfstein, D.S. and Stein, J.C. (1992). Herd on the street: Informational inefficiencies in a market with short-term speculation. Journal of Finance, 47, 1461-1484.
Gilles, H., & Lior, M. (2006). Does past success lead analysts to become overconfident? Management Science, 52(4), 489-50.
Golec, J. (1997). Herding on noise: The case of Johnson Redbook’s weekly retail sales data. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 32(3), 367-40.
Goodall, L.E., & Corney, W.J.(1990). Managing your TIAA-CREF retirement account: Investment strategies to maximize retirement income. Duqubue, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.
Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Grable, J.E., & Joo, S. (1999). Factors related to risk tolerance: A further examination. Consumer Interests Annual, 45, 53-58.
Grable, J.E., & Joo, S. (2000). A cross-disciplinary examination of financial risk tolerance. Consumer Interests Annual, 46, 151-157.
Graham, F. (1999). Herding among investment newsletters: Theory and evidence. The Journal of Finance, 54(1), 237-268.
Graham, F., & Isaac, A.G. (2002). The behavioral life-cycle theory of consumer behavior: Survey evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 48 (4), 391-401.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Hatcher, L. (1994). A step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The SAS Institute.
Heath, C., & Soll, J. B. (1996). Mental budgeting and consumer decisions. Journal of Consumer Research, 23, 40-52.
Hermann, S. (2009). The crisis and customer behaviour: eight quick solutions. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 8(2), 177-186.
Hirshleifer, D., & Teoh, S. H. (2003). Herd behaviour and cascading in capital markets: A review and synthesis. European Financial Management, 9, 25-66.
Hoelter, D. R. (1983). The analysis of covariance structures: Goodness-of-fit indices. Sociological Methods and Research, 11, 325–344.
Hoffmann, A.O.I., Post, T., & Pennings, J.M.E. (2013). Individual investor perceptions and behavior during the financial crisis. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37, 60-74.
Homburg, C., Koschate, N., & Totzek, D. (2007). How mental budgeting affects future spending: The role of income and framing. AMA winter educators' conference proceedings, 18, 96-97.
Hong, H., Kubik, J.D., & Solomon, A. (2000). Security analysts’ career concerns and herding of earnings forecasts. The RAND Journal of Economics, 31(1), 121-144.
Horvath, P., & Zuckerman, M. (1993). Sensation seeking, risl appraisal and risky behavior. Personal and Individual Differential, 14, 41-52.
Hsieh, S.F. (2011). Individual and institutional herding and the impact on stock returns: Evidence from Taiwan stock market. International Review of Financial Analysis, 29, 175-188.
Hu, L.T., & Bentler, P. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
Huddart, S. (1996). Reputation and performance fee effects on portfolio choice by investment advisors. Duke University, working paper.
Humpel, N., O’Loughlin, K., Snoke, M., & Kendig, H. (2010). Australian baby boomers talk about the Global Financial Crisis. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 29 (3), 130-133.
Hung, C. L. (2011). Coping strategies of primary school teachers in Taiwan experiencing stress because of teacher surplus. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 39(9), 1161-1173.
Joo, S. H., & Grable, J. E. (2005). Employee education and the likelihood of having a retirement savings program. Financial Counselling and Planning, 16, 37-49.
Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Chicago, IL: Scientific software international inc.
Kahneman, D., & Riepe, M.W. (1998). Aspects of investor psychology. Journal of Portfolio Management, 24(4), 52-65.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrical, 47, 263-291.
Kahneman, D., Knetch, J., & Thaler, R. (1991). Anomalies: The endowment effect, loss aversion, and status quo bias. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5, 193-206.
Klein, N.H., & Oglethorpe, J.E. (1987). Cognitive reference points in consumer decision making. Advances in Consumer Research, 14, 183-187.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
Kyle, A.S., Ou-Yang. H., & Xiong, W. (2006). Prospect theory and liquidation decisions. Journal of Economic Theory, 129, 273-288.
Lao, P., & Singh, H. (2011). Herding behavior in the Chinese and Indian stock markets. Journal of Asian Economics, 22, 495-506.
Lascu, D. N., & Zinkhan, G. (1999). Consumer conformity: Review and applications for marketing theory and practice. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 7(3), 1-12.
Laughhunn, D.J. & Payne, J.W. (1984). The impact of sunk outcomes on risky choice behavior. INFOR (Canadian Journal of Operational Research and Information Processing), 22, 151-181.
Laughhunn, D. J., Payne, J. W., & Crum, R. (1980). Managerial risk preferences for below-target returns. Management Science, 26(12), 1238–1249.
Lauren E. W. (2011). The Financial Education Fallacy. Paper presented at the American Economics Association 2011 Annual Meeting, Chicago.
Lee, S., Guo, W.-j., Tsang, A., Mak, A.D.P., Wu, J., Ng, K.L., & Kwok, J. (2010). Evidence for the 2008 economic crisis exacerbating depression in Hong Kong. Journal of Affective Disorders, 126(1-2), 125-133.
Levin, L. (1998). Are assets fungible?Testing the behavioral theory of life-cycle savings. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 36(1), 59-83.
Li, Y., & Yang, L. (2013). Prospect theory, the disposition effect, and asset prices. Journal of Financial Economics, 107(3), 715-739.
Linda Smith Brothers (2002, June). An individual’s chosen retirement age: When is the economically feasible retirement age chosen over the anchor provided by known others? Presented at retirement implications of demographic and family change symposium, Sponsored by the Society of Actuaries, San Francisco.
Lindbeck, A., Nyberg, S., & Weibull, J. (1999). Social norms and economic incentives in the welfare state. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(1), 1-35.
Little, T.D. (1997). Mean and covariance structures (MACS) analysis of cross-cultural data: Practice and theoretical issue. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32, 53-76.
Loewenstein, G., & Adler, D. (1995). A bias in the prediction of tastes. Economic Journal: The Journal of the Royal Economic Society, 105, 929-937.
MacCallum, R.C., Browne, M.W., & Sugawara, H.M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130-149.
MacCrimmon, K.R., & Wehrung, D.A. (1986). Taking risks: The management of uncertainty. New York: The Free Press.
Macinnis, H. (1997). Consumer behavior. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Malmendier, U., & Nagel, S. (2011). Depression babies: Do macroeconomic experiences affect risk-taking? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126 (1), 373-416.
Mardia, K.V. (1985). Mardia’s test of multinormality. In S. Kotz & N.L. Johnson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, 5 (pp. 217-221). New York: Wiley.
Marsh, H. W., & Hocevar, D. (1985). Application of confirmatory factor analysis to the study of self-concept: First and higher order factor models and their invariance across groups. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 362-582.
Maug, E., & Naik, N. (1995). Herding and delegated portfolio management: The impact of relative performance evaluation on asset allocation. Duke University, working paper.
Maug, E., & Naik, N. (1996). Herding and delegated portfolio management. London Business School, working paper.
McDonald, R.P., & Ho, M.H.R. (2002). Principles and practice in reporting statistical equation analyses. Psychological Methods, 7 (1), 64-82.
Menkhoff, L., Schmidt, U., & Brozynski, T. (2006). The impact of experience on risk taking, overconfidence, and herding of fund managers: Complementary survey evidence. European Economic Review, 50, 1753-1766.
Mitchell, O.S., & Bodie, Z. (1996). Pensions for an aging world. Benefits Quarter, 17-23.
Modigliani, F., & Brumberg, R. (1954). Utility analysis and the consumption function: An interpretation of cross-section data. The collected papers of Franco Modigliani, 6, edited by Francesco Franco.
Necker, S., & Ziegelmeyer, M. (2013). Risk taking after the financial crisis. Deutsche Bundesbank, working paper.
Ng, T.H., Tay, W.Y., Tan, N.L., & Lim, Y.S. (2011). Influence of investment experience and demographic factors on retirement planning intention. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(2), 196-203.
Noone, J., O'Loughlin, K., & Kendig, H. (2013). Australian baby boomers retiring ‘early’: Understanding the benefits of retirement preparation for involuntary and voluntary retirees. Journal of Aging Studies, 27, 207-217.
Noone, J. H., Stephens, C., & Alpass, F. M. (2009). Preretirement planning and well-being in later life: A prospective study. Research on Aging, 31, 295-317.
O’Curry Fogel, S., & Berry, T. (2006). The disposition effect and individual investor decisions: The roles of regret and counter factual alternatives. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 7(2), 107-116.
Odean, T. (1998). Are investors reluctant to realize their losses? Journal of Finance, 53(5), 1775-1798.
O'Loughlin, K., Humpel, N., & Kendig, H. (2010). Impact of the global financial crisis on employed Australian baby boomers: A national survey. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 29(2), 88-91.
Olsen, R. A. (1998). Behavioral finance and its implications for stock-price volatility. Financial Analysis Journal, 54(2), 10-18.
Philippas, N., Economou, F., Babalos, V., & Kostakis, A. (2013). Herding behavior in REITs: Novel tests and the role of financial crisis. International Review of Financial Analysis, 29, 166-174.
Powell, M. & Ansic, D. (1997). Gender differences in risk behaviour in financial decision-making: An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 18, 605-628.

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Contemporary approaches to assessing mediation in communication research. In Hayes, A.F., Slater, M.D., & Snyder, L.B. (Eds.), The Sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research (pp.13-54). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Prendergast, C., & Stole, L. (1996). Impetuous youngsters and jaded old-timers: Acquiring a reputation for learning. Journal of Political Economy, 104, 1105-1134.
Raafat, R. M., Chater, N. & Frith, C. (2009). Herding in humans. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13 (10), 420-428.
Raddatz, C., & Schmukler, S.L. (2011). Deconstructing herding evidence from pension fund investment behavior. Journal of Financial Services Research, 43(1), 99-126.
Rajagopal, P., & Rha, J.Y. (2009). The mental accounting of time. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(5) 772-781.
Reber, S. (1995). Dictionary of Psychology, N.Y.: Penguin.
Roszkowski, M.J.(1996). Risk tolerance in financial decisions. In D. M. Cordell (ed.), Findamentals of Financial Planning (3rd ed.). Bryn Mawr, PA: The American College, 143-201.
Scharfstein, D. S. & Stein, J. C. (1990). Herd behavior and investment. American Economic Review, 80(3), 465-479.
Shefrin, H. (2002). Beyond greed and fear: Undestanding behavioral finance and the psychology of investing. Boston, MA: Harvard Business
Shefrin, H., & Statman, M. (1985). The disposition to sell winners too early andride losers too long: Theory and evidence. Journal of Finance, 40, 777-79.
Shefrin, H., & Statman, M. (1994). Behavioral capital asset pricing theory. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 29(3), 323-349.
Shefrin, H., & Statman, M. (2000). Behavioral portfolio theory. Journal of Finance and Quantitative Analysis, 35(2), 127-151.
Shefrin, H. M., & Thaler, R.H. (1988). The behavioral life-cycle hypothesis. Economic Inquiry. 26(4), 609-643.

Shefrin, H., & Thaler, R. H. (1992). Mental accounting, saving, and self-control. In G. Loewenstein and J. Elster (Eds.), Choice over time, 287-330. New York: Russel Sage Foundation.
Shell, A. (2010, September 2). Could investors fleeing stocks become a lost generation?USA Today, Mar. 9, 2014, from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/perfi/stocks/2010-09-02-lostgeneration02_CV_N.htm
Simon, H.A. (1982). Models of bounded rationality: Empirically grounded economic reason. MIT Press.
Soman, D. (2001). The mental accounting of sunk time costs: Why time is not like money. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 14(3), 169–185.
Staw, B.M. (1981). The escalation of commitment to a course of action. Academy of Management Review, 6, 577-587.
Steverman, B. (2009). Financial crisis leaves investors wary of risk. Bloomberg Businessweek, September 13.
Stiglitz, J. (1998, March). Boat, blain and capital flows. Financial Times, 8.
Stotz, O., & Von Nitzsch, R. (2005). The perception of control and the level of overconfidence: Evidence from analyst earnings estimates and price targets. The Journal of Behavioral Finance, 6(3), 121-128.
Szinovacz, M. (2003). Contexts and pathways: retirement as an institution, process and experience. In G. Adams & T. Beehr (Eds.), Retirement: reasons, processes and results (pp. 6-52). New York: Springer
Taylor, A. B., MacKinnon, D. P., & Tein, J. Y. (2008). Tests of the three-path mediated effect. Organizational Research Methods, 11(2), 241-269.
Thaler, R. H. (1980). Towards a positive theory of consumer choice. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1, 39-6.
Thaler, R.H. (1985). Mental accounting and consumer choice. Marketing Science. 4(3), 199-214.
Thaler, R.H. (1999). Mental accounting matters. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12, 183-206.
Thompson, B. (2000). Ten commandments of structural equation modeling. In L. G. Grimm & P. R. Yarnold (eds.). Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics (pp. 261-283). Washington, DC: APA
Tinsley, H. E. A., & Tinsley, D.J. (1987). Use of factor analysis in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34(4), 414-424.
Trueman, B. (1994). Analysts’ forecasts and herd behavior. Review of Financial Studies, 7, 97-124.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211 (4481), 453-458.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1984). Rational choice and the framing of decisions. The Journal of Business, 59(4), 251-278.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1991). Loss aversion in riskless choice: A reference-dependent model. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 1039-1061.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5, 297-323.
Van Campenhout, G., & Verhestraeten, J.F. (2010). Herding behavior among financial analysts: A literature review. HUB Reasarch paper, 39.
Van Rooij, M. C., Lusardi, A., & Alessie, R. J. (2011A). Financial literacy and retirement planning in the Netherlands. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(4), 593-608.
Van Rooij, M., Lusardi, A., & Alessie, R. (2011B). Financial literacy and stock market participation. Journal of Financial Economics, 101(2), 449-472.
Voinea, L., & Filip, A. (2011). Analyzing the main changes in new consumer buying behavior during economic crisis. International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories, 1(1), 14-19.
Voon, J.P., & Voon, J.C. (2012). A structural model of consumption: An application to China during the global financial crisis. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 41(3), 284-288.
Weber, M., Weber, E. U., & Nosić, A. (2013). Who takes risks when and why: Determinants of changes in investor risk taking. Review of Finance, 17(3), 847-883.
Welch, I. (1992). Sequential sales, learning and cascades. Journal of Finance, 47, 695-732.
Welch, I. (1996). Herding among security analysts. University of California, Los Angeles. Working paper, 8-96.
Wermers, R. (1999). Mutual fund herding and the impact on stock prices. Journal of Finance, 54(2), 581-662.
Wertenbroch, K. (2003). Self-rationing: Self-control in consumer choice. Time and decision: Economic and psychological perspectives on intertemporal choice. Russell Sage Foundation, working paper.
Wettenhall, R. (2011). Global financial crisis: the Australian experience in international perspective. Public Organization Review, 11(1), 77-91.
Wiener, J. & Doescher, T. (2008). A framework for promoting retirement savings. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 42 (2), 137-164.
Willis, E. (2011). The Financial education fallacy. Presented at the American economic association 2011 annual meeting, Denver, Colorado.
Yuan, K.-H., Bentler, P. M., & Zhang, W. (2005). The effect of skewness and kurtosis on mean and covariance structure analysis: The univariate case and its multivariate implication. Sociological Methods & Research, 34, 249-258.

 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE