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題名:台灣在蘇聯選擇文本中的形象 (1927-1991)
作者:卓香穎
作者(外文):Aleksandra Zhertovskaya
校院名稱:輔仁大學
系所名稱:跨文化研究所比較文學博士班
指導教授:康士林
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2016
主題關鍵詞:比較文學形象學形象研究意象福爾摩莎台灣中國民國蘇聯comparative literatureimagologyimage studiesimageFormosaTaiwanRepublic of ChinaR.O.C.USSR
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蘇聯時期文本中的台灣意象,1927-1991
新的形象研究趨勢認為國家形象研究在考慮歷史脈絡的同時,也應重視複雜的文化多樣性。本論文的形象研究方法遵循歐洲形象學家 Manfred Beller 及 Joep Leerssen 的傳統,以近期的概念與模型為基礎。除了「意識形態他者」與「意識形態自我」的對照外,也揭示了「中央──邊陲」與「強國──弱國」的對立。從「為期64年的蘇聯文本如何書寫台灣及其人民」的觀點探索台灣形象的想法,則符合我一向關注的研究議題。話語本身為本論文的重點,但不爭辯其「真」、「假」。本論文更進一步利用敘述學方法作為討論蘇聯書寫的重要架構,其許多學理策略助益匪淺。文中套用許多基本的敘述學概念,如敘說、隱含的讀者、作者身份、敘述「我」及經驗「我」、觀點、顯示與訴說,藉以檢視 N. Vavilov 及 N. Nevskij 的遊記。主要目的在於利用敘述學的智識工具,詮釋文本、促進瞭解及進行文學分析。
本論文探討的文本範圍極廣,諸如詩、遊記、報紙及雜誌文章、文宣品等,時間橫跨三個歷史階段。第二章到第四章探究文本中表達出的台灣及其人民的形象,聚焦於其源起與功能。第二章說明 1927-1937 年間「福爾摩莎」及其人民族群的形象,如中國人、日本人、原住民、民族主義者及無產階級人民。第三章則闡述 1949 至 1979 年間,文本中傳達出的台灣及其人民的表面形象。其中探討台灣形象的源起與功能、中國人、美國人與蔣介石所領導的國民黨、台灣人以及無產階級。最後,第四章則從下列三方面討論台灣形象:從未到過台灣的蘇聯人,在其書寫中所刻劃的台灣形象;造訪過台灣的蘇聯人,在其短文隨筆中所建立的台灣形象;以及囚禁在台灣34年的蘇聯水手,在其故事中的台灣形象。
蘇聯文本中的台灣形象與歷史環境密切相關,動盪的歷史造就變化多端的台灣書寫。在這64年期間內,除了蘇聯的意識形態改變外,蘇聯與美國之間、蘇聯與中華人民共和國之間,以及中國民國與美國之間的國際關係,更在蘇聯文本的台灣形象型塑中扮演了重要角色。
The Images of Taiwan in Selected Soviet Texts, 1927-1991
New trends in image studies suggest that national images should be studied in the complexity of cultural diversity while taking into consideration the historical context. Following the tradition of European imagologists Manfred Beller and Joep Leerssen, the approach to image studies for this dissertation is based on an array of recent insights and models. Oppositions, such as “center-periphery,” and “strong state- weak state,” are revealed, in addition to the contrast of “ideological Other” to “ideological Self.” The idea of exploring the image of the island from the perspective of “how Soviet texts portrayed Taiwan and its people during sixty-four years” is in accordance with my study’s concerns. The discourse itself, without arguing if it is “true” or “false, is the focus of this dissertation. Moreover, serving as a valuable framework, narratology provides a number of concepts useful for the discussion of the Soviet writings. Essential narratological insights, such as narrative, implied reader, authorship, narrating “I” and experiencing “I,” perspective, “showing” and “telling” are applied to examine the travel accounts of N. Vavilov and N. Nevskij. The major objective is to interpret, to add to understanding, and to conduct literary analysis, utilizing the intellectual tools of narratology.
In giving attention to the variety of texts, such as poems, travel accounts, newspapers and magazines articles, publicist essays and brochures, the dissertation explores three historical periods. While focusing on the origins and functions, the textually expressed images of Taiwan and its people are explored from Chapter II to IV. Chapter II deals with the images of Formosa, the groups of people such as the Chinese, the Japanese, the indigenous people, the Nationalists, and the proletariat during the period 1927-1937. Bringing to the surface textually expressed images of Taiwan and its people, Chapter III covers the period from 1949 till 1979. The origins and functions of the images of the island, the Chinese people, the Americans and the Kuomintang, headed by Chiang Kai-shek, the Taiwanese people, and the proletariat are discussed in this chapter. Finally, in Chapter IV the images of Taiwan, inscribed in the writings of Soviet people, who had never been to Taiwan, the images created in the essays of Soviet citizens who visited the island, and the images, based on the stories of the Soviet sailors, who spent thirty-four years in Taiwan prisons are discussed.
The images of Taiwan in the Soviet texts are correlated with a historical milieu revealing the fluctuating dynamics of portraying the island. In addition to the changing of ideological paradigms in the USSR during the course of sixty-four years, the shifts in the international relationships between the Soviet Union and the United States of America, the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of China and the USA played a significant role in the shaping of the image of Taiwan in Soviet texts.
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