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題名：臺灣散裝航運業之營運績效評估-以資料包絡分析法之超級效率加法模式為應用
作者：郭義隆
作者(外文)：Guo, I-Lung
校院名稱：國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱：航運管理學系
指導教授：李選士
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2017
主題關鍵詞：散裝航運業；煤炭運輸航線；績效評估；資料包絡分析法；超級效率加法模式；Bulk coal transportation；Performance evaluation；Data envelopment analysis (DEA)；Additive super-efficiency model
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散裝航運產業係屬於完全競爭之經營市場，現階段，由於受到世界經濟持續不景氣狀態的惡劣影響，全球的航運市場正呈現出低迷的狀態，這種影響也波及至國際散裝航運市場。透過聯合國貿易暨發展委員會(UNCTAD)、德國航運經濟與物流研究中心(ISL)，及研究機構Clarkson發佈的最新資料發現，國際散裝航運市場之船舶噸位供給正呈現出過剩的狀態，該現況導致國際散裝航運市場之運價持續低迷不振，臺灣的散裝運輸產業也正承受著這場風波。為了幫助臺灣散裝運輸業者迎接現階段所需面臨的市場競爭之壓力，輔助業者評估其營運績效，精進其營運業務範疇之成本，挖掘出實際營運過程中潛在資源浪費的情況，為此，本研究之目的主要包括二個方面：
（1）建構較為合適的績效評估模式，評估臺灣散裝運輸產業之主要上市公司的營運績效，並根據評估之結果，提供各無效率上市公司之改善量分析。
（2）為精進營運成本，以臺灣散裝運輸產業之營運業務範疇內的煤炭運輸為例，評估其散裝煤炭運輸航線之績效，並分析各投入資源的最適改善量。
本研究主要通過蒐集臺灣證券交易所之公開財報資料及臺灣某著名散裝航運公司航線實際營運資料，結合Guo et al.(2017)提出的資料包絡分析法(DEA)之超級效率加法模式，以此來評估臺灣散裝航運產業之營運績效，並探討往返於臺灣至澳洲與印尼的八條主要散裝煤炭運輸航線之營運績效。經過本研究發現：
（1）就本研究所選擇變量之評估而言，2015年臺灣散裝運輸上市公司中新興航運與慧洋海運之營運呈現為有效率，大部分上市公司亟需改善其投入項資源之「營業費用」的配比。
（2）現階段，往返於臺灣和印尼Samarinda港口間的煤炭運輸航線呈現的效率值最佳；若因煤源質量或其他因素而需前往澳洲進口煤炭時，往返於澳洲的Newcastle港口之煤炭運輸航線可作為優先考量的航線之一。
（3）對於臺灣主要散裝煤炭運輸航線之整體營運績效來說，現階段亟需縮減的投入項目為「港埠費」，但該投入變量非營運業者可控制；就澳洲各運輸航線而言，運輸途中的「物料費」需得到更有效得控管；就印尼各運輸航線而言，「等港天數」係成為提升航線之營運績效的主要障礙。
International bulk shipping industry really belongs to a perfectly competitive market. At the current stage, due to the pernicious influence of the continued recession state of the world economy, the global shipping market is taking a downturn, and this influence has also spread to the international bulk shipping market. According to the latest data collected from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics, and Clarkson Research Services, we find that the excess capacity supply of international bulk ships appears in the global bulk shipping market. The current situation, which also puts pressure on the bulk transportation industry in Taiwan, leads to the freight market of international bulk shipping industry continues to be slump. In order to help the bulk transportation operators to overcome the pressure in the global competitive market at the present stage, and provide an aid to evaluate their operating performance to effectively control their transportation cost. We further hopes to explore the potential waste of resources. Therefore, the two main purposes of this study can be described as the following:
(1)Construct a suitable performance evaluation model, and evaluate theperformance on bulk shipping industry in Taiwan. According to the evaluation results, this study provides the appropriate optimum improvement analysis for each inefficient listed company.
(2) In order to control the transportation cost, this study takes the performance evaluation on coal transportation which is one business category of bulk shipping industry in Taiwan for example. Further, this study explores the appropriate optimum improvement on the aspects of input and output resources based upon the evaluation results.
Simultaneously, our research data set is collected from the market observation system of Taiwan stock exchange and the operating data of one famous bulk coal carrier company in Taiwan. Based on a new additive super-efficiency model proposed by Guo et al. (2016), this study evaluates the operating performances of the listed companies of bulk shipping industry in Taiwan. Further, seven main international bulk coal transportation routes, depart from Taiwan to Australia or Indonesia, are evaluated by the new additive super-efficiency model. Then, the research results can be presented as following:
(1) In 2015, Sincere Navigation Corporation (SNC) and Wisdom Marine Group are efficient under the evaluation based upon the selected varibales. For most of the listed companies of bulk shipping industry in Taiwan, it’s urgent to control the investment resources on the aspect of the operating expenses.
(2) At the current stage, the bulk coal transportation route between Taiwan and the Samarinda port in Indonesia has the most efficient and satisfactory performance. It could be viewed as a benchmarking transportation route. Further, if the coal quality or other factors need to be taken into account to determine that the destination port must belong to Australia, the bulk coal transportation route between Taiwan and the Newcastle port in Australia could be the highest priority option.
(3) For the overall operating performance of Taiwan’s main bulk coal transportation routes, it’s urgent to reduce the investment resource of harbor charges. However, this investment item is controlled by non-commercial authorities. In terms of Australia's transportation routes, the cost of materials during the transportation need to be more effectively controlled. Meanwhile, for the transportation routes of Indonesia, the waiting time spent in outer harbor has become a major obstacle to improve the operating performance.
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