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題名：化妝品製造商選擇綠色供應商之關鍵評估因素研究： 以永續採購為觀點
作者：蔡佳儒
作者(外文)：Tsai chia ju
校院名稱：國立嘉義大學
系所名稱：企業管理學系
指導教授：吳泓怡
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2018
主題關鍵詞：永續採購；化妝品；評估因素；模糊德菲法；層級分析法；灰關聯分析；Sustainable Procurement；Cosmetics；Evaluation Factors；Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM)；Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)；Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)
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摘要
近年來，有關循環經濟與消費者綠色概念，已然成為全球關注且熱烈討論之議題，企業尋求一個安全、環保，符合永續經營的綠色採購法則，使能於經濟成長需求下兼顧永續發展，遂受到各產業重視，特別是對重視覺包裝且為高價消耗品之化妝品產業而言，更為刻不容緩。鑑此，本研究企圖以永續採購原則為觀點，針對化妝品相關產業之採購，建構一套完整客觀之綠色供應商評估模式。首先，以永續採購標準(ISO/DIS 20400.2: 2016 (E))為主軸，並融合企業社會責任標準(ISO 26000:2010)、循環經濟標準(BS 8001:2017)、環境管理系統標準(ISO14001:2015)、及化妝品優良製造規範(ISO 22716:2007)共五大國際標準，彙整歸納出化妝品製造商評選綠色供應商之永續採購關鍵評估因素（六大構面與29項準則）。其次，本研究採用問卷調查方式，針對化妝品產業人員與相關領域專家，分四階段進行資料蒐集與分析：第一階段以模糊德菲法彙整化妝品相關產業、國營事業、學者專家共識，初步篩選出六大構面與22項準則；第二階段針對化妝品相關產業人員調查意見進行關鍵因素分析，萃取出四大構面與14項準則，並做問卷信效度檢測；第三階段以層級分析法專家問卷邀請產、官、學專家對關鍵因素做兩兩成對比較，求得相對權重；及第四階段則針對個案國際化妝品原料供應商，依各評估準則，以灰關聯分析彙整產業專家評估意見，進行綠色供應商永續績效評估之實證分析。由研究分析結果，發現化妝品產業綠色供應商永續績效評估構面，以「綠色採購與生產」最重要，其後依序為「公平的經營做法與道德」、「組織管理和社會責任」、「社區參與和發展」。前五項重要評估準則依序為「採購條款制定」、「綠色生產技術與流程」、「滿足客戶的需求」、「重複使用和回收」、及「資訊對稱」。最後，本研究以建構之永續採購評估準則權重，針對台灣五家國際化妝品原料供應商之永續績效綜合評比結果，提出相關建議。故本研究分析評估模式能提供台灣化妝品產業對綠色供應商評選時之重要依據，以及未來發展化妝品綠色產業市場之永續經營範本。此外，亦能延伸至其他產業永續採購之參考。
Abstract
The concepts of circular economy and green consumption have come to the forefront of global awareness and debate in recent years. Corporations now search for means which adheres to the principle of green procurement that promotes economic growth under which the environment remains safe, and sustainable. Applying such ideas to the cosmetic industry, which is made up of visual packagings and high cost consumables, has turned to be more imperative. In this research, based on the green procurement principles, an attempt is made to design an objective evaluation model to measure the “greenness” of cosmetic suppliers. Firstly, sustainable procurement standard (ISO/DIS 20400.2:2016(E)) is used as the axis of evaluation factors, and integrated five other standards: social responsibility standards (ISO 26000:2010), circular economy standards (BS 8001:2017), environment management system standards (ISO 14001:2015), and cosmetic manufacturing standards (ISO 22716:2007). Five dimensions and 29 criteria were then complied.Secondly, four stages of questionnaire surveys for data collection and analysis were conducted on cosmetics-related industry personnel and panels of experts as follows: 1. Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) was used to gain a consense from cosmetics-related industries, state-owned enterprises, scholars and experts; and six major facets including 22 criteria were preliminaly filtered. 2. Factor Analysis (FA) was performed on the selected criteria based on the opinions of the cosmetics industry related personnel and four evaluated dimensions with 14 criteria were extracted. 3. Industry, state-owned enterprises, scholars and experts were then invited to fill-in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) expert questionnaires to measure the relative weights of criteria through pair comparison. 4. Taking five international cosmetic raw material suppliers as examples, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was applied for do sythsises evaluation of sustainable performance by gathering cosmetics-related experts’ assessment opinions against the evaluation criteria. From the analysis results, it was found for cosmetic suppliers who wish to take the “green” route, the most highly important evaluation dimension is “Green Purchasing and Production”, followed by “Fair Operating Practices and Moral", “Organizational Governance and Social Responsibility”, and “Community Involvement and development”. The top five important evaluation criteria were “Standard procurement clauses”, “Green production technology and process”, “Meeting customers’ requirements”, “Reuse and recycling”, and “Information symmetry”. Finally, some constructive suggestions were offered to the cases suppliers of an empirical study that sythsized evaluation of practical qualities regarding the established criteria weights of sustaiable procurement. Therefore, the proposed analytical evaluation model can provide an important reference for green suppliers of cosmetics industry in Taiwan and a benchmark of sustainable development for the green market in the future. The model can be extended beyond the cosmetic industry and form a firm basis for other industries to draw references from.
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