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題名:複合式訓練對擊劍運動員下肢爆發力及動作反應之探討
作者:王三財
作者(外文):WANG, San-Tsai
校院名稱:臺北市立大學
系所名稱:競技運動訓練研究所
指導教授:陳奕良
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2018
主題關鍵詞:增強式訓練爆發力慣用腳Plyometric TrainingMuscle PowerDominant Leg
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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目的:本研究目的主要探討5週不同訓練方式之複合式訓練內容,並針對相同肌群,觀察複合式訓練對下肢等速肌力之影響情形,以及兩組訓練是否會因實施順序而有差異存在。方法:本研究受試者33名的高中擊劍運動員 (平均年齡16±0.8歲、身高168.6±6.9公分、體重60.7±11.3公斤)為研究對象,隨機分成(W+P)組先實施重量訓練後,再實施增強式訓練)及(P+W)組(先實施增強式訓練後,再實施重量訓練)兩組,展開為期5週之訓練計畫,並依組別分別進行每週3次,每次60分鐘之複合式訓練,並融入訓練計畫中。所得資料進行混合設計二因子變異數分析(Split-Plot Design),比較兩種不同順序複合式訓練是否對下肢爆發力有顯著差異。結果:本研究在P+W跟W+P兩組膝關節60°/s的慣用腳屈肌的峰力矩(n-m)、相對峰力矩(%)、平均功率(Watts)及平均力矩(n-m)均達到顯著差異。伸肌峰力矩(n-m)、相對峰力矩(%)、平均功率(Watts)及平均力矩(n-m)亦達到顯著差異(p<.05)。在60°/s的非慣用腳屈肌及伸肌,未達到顯著差異(p<.05)。P+W跟W+P兩組膝關節180°/s之慣用腳及非慣用腳屈、伸肌峰力矩(n-m)、相對峰力矩(%)、到達峰力矩時間(msec)、總作功量(j)、平均功率(Watts)及平均力矩(n-m)經訓練後未達到顯著差異。30秒Wingate無氧動力測驗中,兩組在無氧能力(W/Kg) 達顯著差異,無氧動力(W/Kg)、最大動力(W)、平均動力(W)及疲勞指數(w/s)均未達顯著差異,經訓練後皆顯著提升。身體組成檢測中,(P+W) 組體重(Kg)、脂肪量(g)、脂肪百分比(%) 略微下降;在肌肉量(g)、密度(g/cm2)、骨量(g)均增加,而在(W+P) 組所有項目均呈現進步狀態,兩組經訓練後皆顯著提升,但亦沒有組間差異存在;三、(P+W)組在下蹲跳CMJ (cm)及蹲跳SJ(cm)前後測未達顯著差異,經訓練後成績顯著提升。(W+P)組在下蹲跳CMJ(cm)及蹲跳SJ(cm)檢測均呈現退步現象,兩組並沒有組間差異存在。四、(P+W) 組在神經反應(sec)及(W+P)組中的動作反應 (sec) 時間縮短,(P+W) 組動作反應(sec)及(W+P)組中的神經反應 (sec) 時間則增加,前後測未達顯著差異,兩組並沒有組間差異存在。結論:(一) 5 週複合式訓練在60°/s 慣用腳屈肌力矩項目,先進行增強訓練後加重量訓練組, 能顯著增加下肢等速膝屈肌最大力矩,60°/s非慣用腳到達峰力矩時間經訓練後顯著進步。(二)膝關節180°/s時速度變大,收縮時間短,肌肉參與的單位變少,興奮程度也會變低,可能導致力量變小。(三)複合式訓練對於擊劍運動員無氧動力、身體組成、下肢爆發力及動作反應時間經訓練後皆顯著進步,建議在訓練中加入複合式訓練以提升訓練效果。
關鍵詞:增強式訓練、爆發力、慣用腳
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The study aims to explore the content of the complex training for 5 weeks in different training and observing the influence situation of complex training on isokinetic muscle strength of lower limb toward the same muscle group, and whether any difference exists depending on the training order for the two training groups. Methods: The subjects of the study were 33 fencers in senior high schools (Average age 16±0.8 years old with average height 168.6±6.9 cm as well as average weight 60.7±11.3 kg), who were divided into two groups randomly: One was (W+P) group (implementing plyometric training after weight training) and the other was (P+W) group (Implementing weight training after plyometric training) for a 5-week training plan. Furthermore, plyometric training was implemented for three times a week and 60 minutes at each time in the two groups respectively as a part of the training plan. The Split-Plot design analysis was made on the research data to compare whether there is a significant difference on the muscle power of lower limb between the two kinds of complex training in different order. The change rate before and after training was computed by the formula of “(post-test value - pre-test value)/pre-test value*100%” with the significant level of α=.05. Results: The study found that the research results showed significant differences in peak torque(n-m), peak torque to body weight(%), average power (Watts) and average torque(n-m) of flexors of the dominant leg for knee joint at 60°/s for P+W and W+P groups respectively, while it also had significant differences for extensors with peak torque (n-m), peak torque to body weight (%), average power (Watts) and average torque(n-m). No significant differences exist in using the flexors and extensors of the non-dominant leg at 60°/s. In sum, it showed no significant differences after training in peak torque (n-m), peak torque to body weight (%), time to peak torque (Msec), total volume of work (j), average power (Watts) and average torque (n-m) for flexors and extensors of the dominant and non- dominant leg for knee joint at 180°/s in the P+W and W+P groups respectively. Results: (1) There were significant differences in anaerobic capacity (W/Kg) in the 30-second Wingate anaerobic test. However, the differences in anaerobic power (W/Kg), maximum power (W), average power (W) and fatigue index (W/s) were not significant. After training, the performance of these indicators was significantly enhanced. Except for anaerobic capacity, there were no inter-group differences in terms of other four indicators. (2) In the body composition test, body weight (Kg), fat mass (g) and fat percentage (%) decreased slightly in the (P+W) group, while muscle mass (g), bone density (g/cm2) and bone mass (g) increased. In the (W+P) group, all items were improved. The performance of both groups was significantly improved after training, and there were no differences between the two groups. (3) The pre-test and post-test performance of countermovement jump (CMJ) (cm) and shonen jump (SJ) (cm) showed no significant differences in the (P+W) group, but it was significantly improved after training. However, in the (W+P) group, the performance of CMJ (cm) and SJ (cm) became worse after training. There were no differences between the two groups. (4) The nervous response (sec) in the (P+W) group and the action response (sec) in the (W+P) group were shortened, while the action response (sec) in the P+W group and the nervous response (sec) in the W+P group increased. There were no significant differences in the pre-test and post-test and there were no inter-group differences. Conclusion : (a) 5-week compound training at the 60°/s conventional foot flexor torque program, followed by an increase training and a weight training group, which can significantly increase the maximum torque of lower limb isokinetic knee flexors, 60°/s non-usually used foot reach Peak torque time has improved significantly after training. (b) When the knee joint speed is 180°/s, the speed of the knee joint becomes shorter, the contraction time is shorter, the number of muscle participating units becomes smaller, and the degree of excitement also becomes lower, which may result in a decrease in the strength. (c)The complex training showed significant improvement in anaerobic power, body composition, lower limb explosiveness and action response time of fencers. It is recommended to include complex training in regular training to enhance training outcome.
Keywords: Plyometric Training, Muscle Power, Dominant Leg
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