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AbouAssi, Khaldoun. 2012. Hands in the Pockets of Mercurial Donors: NGO Response to Shifting Funding Priorities. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 42, 2012, pp. 584–602
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Batke, Jessica, PRC Religious Policy: Serving the Gods of the CCP, China Leadership Monitor, no. 52, 2017
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Brown, David, L. and Korten, David C. Working More Effectively with Nongovernmental Organizations in Samuel Paul and Arturo Israel (Eds.), Nongovernmental Organizations and the World Bank edited by S. Paul and A. Israel. (Washington DC: The World Bank, 1991) pp. 44-93

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Brown, David S., Christopher J. Brown, &Scott W. Desposato, Who Gives, Who Receives, and Who Wins? Transforming Capital Into Political Change Through Nongovernmental Organizations. Comparative Political Studies, 2008 VOL. 41, NO. 1, pp. 24–47.
Casey, John, Comparing Nonprofit Sectors Around the World What Do We Know and How Do We Know It? Journal of Nonprofit Education and Leadership, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2016, pp. 187–223
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Volkhart Finn H., “The role of NGOs in strengthening the foundations of South African democracy,” Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Non-profit organisations, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2001
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Wang, Alex L., “Search for Sustainable Legitimacy: Environmental Law and Bureaucracy in China,” Harvard Environmental Law Review, No. 37, 2013, p. 365
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Xu, Janice H. “Communicating the right to know: Social media in the do-it-yourself air quality testing campaign in Chinese cities,” International Journal of Communication, Vol. 8, 2014, pp. 1374–1393
Yang Da-hua, David, “Civil Society as an Analytic Lens for Contemporary China”. China: An International Journal Vol. 2, No. 1, 2004, pp. 1-27
Yin, Deyong, ‘China’s attitude toward Foreign NGOs’, Washington University Global Studies Law Review, Vol.8, No.3, 2009, pp.521-543
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Zhang, Tong and Lv, Han, “Wending yadao yiqie’ de zhexue sikao [The Philosophical Thinking about ‘the Stability Is the First Condition of Success in Anything,” Journal of Jilin Normal University, 2013
Zhao, Suisheng “A state-led nationalism: The patriotic education campaign in post-Tiananmen China,” Communist and Post-Communist Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3, 1998, pp. 287–302
Zhong ZhiHui and Anna Chen, “Problems in China’s Charitable Fundraising Management System and Lessons from International Experience,” Lingnan Journal, No. 2, 2017
Dissertations/Thesis/Academic Institution
Brass, Jennifer N., Surrogates for Government? NGOs and the State in Kenya. Dissertation,
University of California, Berkley. 2010.
Brown, Dyann, "The Effectiveness of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) within Civil Society." International Studies Masters. Paper 75, 2009
Fulda, Andrea, Re-conceptualizing China’s civil society sector, The University of Nottingham, Institut Français des Relations Internationales, China’s Stability at Risk: Economic, Social and Environmental Challenges, 26 January 2017
Harding, Joanne, Factors Influencing the Financial Sustainability of the Nonprofit Sector in South Africa, Master Thesis, Faculty of the Humanities University of Cape Town 2014
Häyhä, Laura, China’s Economic, Environmental and Social Development in Crossfire – Province-specific Analysis of China’s Ecological Modernization and Sustainability, Master thesis Sociology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Jyväskylä Autumn 2014
Islam, Carolyn A., Non-Governmental Organization Vulnerabilities: Donors and Resource Dependence, Claremont Colleges Thesis, 2016
Kim, Youngwan, The Unveiled power of NGOs: how NGOs influence states'' foreign policy behaviors, University of Iowa Iowa Research Online, 2011
Malan, Pieter N., Civil society and the transformation of social security: Towards a performative conception of the right to have access to social security in South Africa. PhD thesis, University of Johannesburg, November 2007
Nthambelene B N, The role of civil society in sustaining democracy: A case study of the Soweto Civic Association, MA these, University of Johannesburg, June 1999
Nuñez, Jami Nelson, Citizens, Governments and NGOs: Is Three a Crowd? University of Colorado, Boulder, Summer 7-24-2014.
Perinova, Marie, Civil Society in Authoritarian Regime: The Analysis of China, Burma and Vietnam, Department of Political Science, Lund University
Vaughan-Games, Darcy, Systems Theory And Attitude Measurement In Political Science: As Applied To The Australian Accord. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The Australian National University, March 1987
Articles Presented at Conferences
Bailer, Stefanie, Thilo Bodenstein and V. Finn Heinrich, “What Make Civil Society Strong? Testing Bottom-up and Top-down Theories of a Vibrant Civil Society,” Paper to be presented at Conference of the Swiss Political Association, St. Gallen, 8-9 January 2009
Camay, Phiroshaw and Anne J. Gordon Civil Society as Advocate of Social Change in Pre- and Post-transition Societies: Building Sound Governance in South Africa, Co-operative for Research and Education (CORE) Johannesburg, South Africa, 2002
Cox, Laurence, 2013, “Changing the world without getting shot: how popular power can set limits to state violence”. Australia Study Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution (eds), State of peace conference, Vienna/ Berlin: LTI-Verlag
Deng Guosheng, 2002/07/31 “Changes and development in mainland China’s NGOs since 1995 (1995 nian yilai dalu NGO de bianhua yu fazhan qushi).” Presented at the conference “Cross-Strait Symposium on NGOs – Transformation and Development of NGOs”, hosted by Himalaya Foundation, Taipei, pp. 29-31
Dolsak, Nives and Aseem Prakash, “Government Contractors as Civil Society?” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 9 November 2019, https://ssir.org/articles/entry/government_contractors_as_civil_society#
Fisher, Robert J., “Government Policies Towards NGOs in the Third World: Political Context and the Growth of Civil Society.” Presented at the 1995 Annual ARNOVA Conference, November, Cleveland
Habib, Adam, 2003/10/10. “State-Civil Society Relations in Post-Apartheid South Africa.” Randse Afrikaanse Universiteit Sociology. Anthropology and Development Studies Seminar, Johannesburg
Hadzi-Miceva, Katerina, 2007/10/25-26. “Legal and Institutional Mechanisms for NGO-Government Cooperation in Croatia, Estonia and Hungary”. Paper presented at the conference in Warsaw, ECNL and Institute for Public Affairs (IPA), Poland
Jara, Mazibuko and Sally Peberdy, 2010. “Taking Control: Civil Society Responses to the Violence of May 2008, South African Civil Society and Xenophobia, The Atlantic Philanthropies & Strategy and Tactics.” Synthesis compiled by The University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
Nyar, Annsilla, 2010. “What Happened?’ A Narrative of the May 2008 Xenophobic Violence, South African Civil Society and Xenophobia.” The Atlantic Philanthropies & Strategy and Tactics, Synthesis compiled by The University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, 2010
Parsley, Jenny and David Everatt, 2010. Summary of Findings and Recommendations, South African Civil Society and Xenophobia, The Atlantic Philanthropies & Strategy and Tactics, Synthesis compiled by The University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, 2010
Sjögren, Anders, 2001.” State, Civil Society and Democratisation: Theoretical Debates Past and Present, in Björn Beckman & Eva Hansson & Anders Sjögren, (eds.), Civil Society and Authoritarianism in the Third World.” A Conference Book. Stockholm: Department of Political Science of Stockholm University
Uhlin, Anders, 2001. “The Transnational Dimension of Civil Society: Migration and Independence Movements in Southeast Asia, in Björn Beckman & Eva Hansson & Anders Sjögren, (eds.), Civil Society and Authoritarianism in the Third World.” A Conference Book. Stockholm: Department of Political Science of Stockholm University
Government Papers/Working Papers
Civil Government Statistical Data for the First Quarter of 2005, Ministry of Civil Affairs (China). Website: http://www.mca.gov.cn/mztj/yuebao0503.html.
Charity Law of the People’s Republic of China, Translated by China Development Brief, http://www.icnl.org/research/library/files/China/1_ChinaCharity2016.pdf
Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, The State Council (Official English Website)
http://english.gov.cn/archive/laws_regulations/2014/08/23/content_281474982987458.htm
Communist Party of China and the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Zhonggong zhongyang zuzhibu, minzhengbu guanyu zai shehui tuanti jianli dangzuzhi wenti de tongzhi (Notice Regarding Establishing Party Organization in Social Organizations), 1998. Available at http://www.mca.gov.cn/wiylzx/detail.asp?id=3230&keyword, http://www.nh.gov.cn/005/001/012/003/1011524.html
Department Of Environmental Affairs And Tourism. People – Planet – Prosperity: A national framework for sustainable development in South Africa, 2008. Available at: http://www.environment.gov.za
Foundations Regulations, art 2. An unofficial English translation of the regulations is available on the website of the China Development Brief, http://www.chinadevelopmentbrief.com/node/301
Gough, Kristina, 2004. An overall assessment of conditions and possibilities available to civil Society and its organizations to act in China Emerging Civil Society in China. Department for co-operation with Non-Governmental Organizations and Humanitarian Assistance, Swedish Embassy in Beijing. Publish by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 2004
Griffin, Janice, and Ruth Judge, Civil Society Policy and Practice in Donor Agencies—An Overview Report Commissioned by DFID. Oxford, 2010, https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/aidco/images/a/ab/Donor_policy_and_practice_final_report_for_ext_circulation_mar_2010_(3).pdf
Lyons, Mark, “Nonprofit Sector and Civil Society: Are They Competing Paradigms?”, Centre for Australian Community Organizations and Management Working Paper 35, Sydney, 1996
Ministry of Civil Affairs, Shehui tuanti niandu jiancha zanxing banfa (Provisional Measures on Annual Review for Social Organizations, 2005; Ministry of Civil Affairs, Jijinhui niandu jiancha banfa (Measures of Annual Review for Foundations), 2005; and Ministry of Civil Affairs, Minban feiqiyi danwei niandu jiancha banfa (Measures on Annual Review for Popular Non-Enterprises Work Units Organizations), 2005
Nonprofit Organisations Act, 1997 (No. 71 of 1997). Republic of South Africa, Government Gazette, Available at http://www.ngopulse.org/sites/default/files/npo_act.pdf
Non-Profit Organisation Annual Reports. In Terms of the Nonprofit Organisations Act, 1997(Act No, 71 Of 1997) available at Department of Social Development website, http://www.dsd.gov.za/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=23&Itemid=39
Popular Non-Enterprise Work Units Provisional Regulations, art. 2. An unofficial English translation of the regulations is available on the website of the China Development Brief, http://www.chinadevelopmentbrief.com/node/300
Republic Of South Africa (RSA). South Africa’s troubles: A diagnosis. National Planning Commission. June 2011. Diagnostic Overview. Department: The Presidency Republic of South Africa, 2011
Salamon, Lester M. 2002. ‘Explaining Nonprofit Advocacy: An Exploratory Analysis.’ Centre for Civil Society Studies Working Paper Series, The John Hopkins University Institute for Policy Studies, 2002, p. 21
Salamon, Lester M. and S. Wojciech Sokolowski, Megan Haddock and Helen S. Tice, The state of global civil society and volunteering: Latest findings from the implementation of the UN nonprofit handbook, 2013. (Comparative Nonprofit Sector Working Paper #49).
Wang Maya, Liu GuoHan and JunYang He, 2001. Reform of China’s Social Organizations: from governmental preference to social preference (Zhongguo shetuan gaige: cong zhengfu xuanze dao shehui xuanze), Beijing, Social Science Works Publishing Agency, 2001, p.172.
Yearbook of China’s Civil Affairs for 1999, The, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, China Social Publishing House.
Government Acts/Laws/Policies
Administrative Procedure Law of the People''s Republic of China, http://www.china.org.cn/english/government/207336.htm
China State Constitution of English-language text of the 1982 and its subsequent amendments, available at http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html
Land Act of 1913, South African Department of Rural Development, http://www.ruraldevelopment.gov.za/phocadownload/1913/nativelandact27of1913.pdf
Law of the People’s Republic of China on Administration of Activities of Overseas Nongovernmental Organizations in the Mainland of China, The China NGO Project, http://www.chinafile.com/ngo/laws-regulations/law-of-peoples-republic-of-china-administration-of-activities-of-overseas
Law on The Red Cross of 1993, Official Chinese Government English Translation of Laws, http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Law/2007-12/12/content_1383814.htm
Protected Disclosures Amendment Act 5 of 2017, South African Department of Justice, http://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2017-005.pdf
Shehui tuanti dengji guanli tiaoli (Regulations for the Registration and management of Social Organizations, hereinafter Social Organizations Regulations), 1998; Jijinhui guanli tiaoli (Regulations for the Management of Foundations, hereinafter Foundations Regulations), 2004; and Minban feiqiye danwei dengji guanli zanxing tiaoli (Provisional Regulations for the Registration and Management of Popular Non-Enterprises Work Units, hereinafter Popular Non-Enterprise Work Units Provisional Regulations), 1998
Social Organizations Regulations, Art. 2. An unofficial English translation of the regulations is available on the website of the China Development Brief, http://www.chinadevelopmentbrief.com/node/298
Social Organizations Regulations Art 6. Foundations Regulations Art. 6 and Popular Non-enterprise Work Units Provisional Regulations Art. 5. http://www.chinadevelopmentbrief.com/node/298
Trust Law of 2001, Official Chinese Government English Translation of Laws, http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Law/2007-12/10/content_1383444.htm
Government Media Statements
General Office of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee 2013, ‘Communiqué on the current state of the ideological sphere’, http://www.chinafile.com/document-9- chinafile-translation
Mahlobo, David, “Press Comments: Minister of State Security David Mahlobo”. National Assembly, Cape Town, 16 May 2017
Xi, Jinping 2015/05/11, ‘Xi Jinping lun fazhi: “dangda haishi fada” shi wei mingti, shi zhengzhi xianjing’ (Xi Jinping on rule of law: “greater authority of the law versus greater authority of the Party” is a false proposition and political trap’, http://cpc.people.com.cn/xuexi/n/2015/0511/c385475-26978527.html
Newspapers Articles
BBC 2017/09/12, ‘Lee Ming-che: Taiwanese activist goes on trial in China’, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-41222940
Beijing Youth Daily, 2016/04/28. “Ministry of Civil Affairs Names Fake Associations, Some on List Cry Foul,” http://news.china.com/domesticgd/10000159/20160428/22537026.html
China Daily, 2005/02/20. “Building Harmous Society CPC’s Top Task,” http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-02/30/content.417718.htm
China Charity Federation Daily, 201712/11. “Staunch the Impact of ‘Fake Associations,’ Get Back to Original Intent,” http://www.chinafile.com/ngo/analysis/policy-analysis-chinas-civil-society-organizations
China Philanthropy Times, 2016/09/04. “Charity Law Took Effect September 1; Here Are the Supporting Regulations,” http://www.chinafile.com/ngo/analysis/policy-analysis-chinas-civil-society-organizations
De Vos, Pierre, 2011.11/19, ‘Mail & Guardian case raises difficult questions,’ Constitutionally Speaking, http://constitutionallyspeaking.co.za/mail-guardian-case-raises-difficult-questions/.
De Wet, Phillip, 2012/07/27, ‘M&G faces charges over Mac Maharaj,’ Mail & Guardian, http://mg.co.za/article/2012-07-26-mg-faces-charges-over-mac-maharaj.
Donnelley, Lynley, 2017/11/25. “Global credit ratings agency has downgraded South Africa to junk status.” Mail & Guardian, https://mg.co.za/article/2017-11-25-global-credit-ratings-agency-has-downgraded-south-africa-to-junk-status
French, Howard W., 2007/02/15. “Citizens Groups Take Root Across China.” New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/15/world/asia/15ngos.html
Gqirana, Thulani 2016/04/24, Some NGOs are security agents of foreign forces – News 24, https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/some-ngos-are-security-agents-of-foreign-forces-mahlobo-20160426
Harber, Anton, 2011/11/29 ‘All things considered, 2011 was a rigorous and vigorous year,’ Business Day, http://www.bdlive.co.za/articles/2011/12/29/anton-harber-all-things-considered-2011-was-a-rigorousand-vigorous-year.
Horton, Chris and Buckley, Chris, 2017/05/29 ‘China charges activist from Taiwan with “subverting state power”’, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/29/world/asia/taiwan-china-activist-lee-mingcheh.html.
Kahn, Joseph, 2007/07/11, “China Shuts Down Western-Run Newsletter,” New York Times,
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