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題名:繪本情境脈絡對學童想像力之影響
作者:陳映孜 引用關係
作者(外文):Ying-Tze Chen
校院名稱:國立中山大學
系所名稱:教育研究所
指導教授:鄭英耀
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2019
主題關鍵詞:繪本情境脈絡創造力想像力Picture BookContextImaginationCreativity
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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創造力與想像力是促進人類社會與文明進步的動力,而培養具備創造力與想像力的人才亦是當前社會重要的教育目標之一。本研究旨在藉由繪本不同情境脈絡之操弄,包含繪本開頭有圖無字、開頭空白、中間有圖無字、中間空白、結尾有圖無字、結尾空白,以探討繪本閱讀想像寫作對學生想像力與創造力之影響。研究採準實驗設計進行為期一個月,總計四次之繪本閱讀想像寫作。研究參與對象為高雄市某國小四年級學生,共7個班級,其中6班為實驗組,1班為對照組,總計186人。研究工具包含四本繪本,分別是《走在夢的路上》、《一日國王》、《年度最佳女巫》、《熊先生的椅子》;以及吳靜吉等人(1998)編製之新編創造思考測驗(語文-竹筷子),和短文想像寫作。資料分析採單因子多變量分析、單因子共變數分析、以及多元迴歸分析,以瞭解實驗組學生接受不同情境脈絡處理之繪本閱讀想像寫作,與對照組學生接受無修改繪本閱讀後,在想像力與創造力的表現,結果發現:
1. 整體而言,經過四次不同情境脈絡之繪本閱讀想像寫作介入,實驗組在語文創造思考測驗-流暢力、獨創力、變通力之後測平均分數有明顯提升。
2. 在創造力的表現上:
(1) 流暢力:實驗處理組X2(開頭空白)明顯優於X1(開頭有圖無字)、X3(中間有圖無字)、X4(中間空白)、X6(結尾空白)、以及對照組;實驗處理組X5(結尾有圖無字)亦明顯優於X3(中間有圖無字)。
(2) 變通力:實驗處理組X2(開頭空白)、X5(結尾有圖無字)均同時明顯優於X3(中間有圖無字)與對照組。
(3) 獨創力:實驗處理組X2(開頭空白)明顯優於X1(開頭有圖無字)、X3(中間有圖無字)、對照組;實驗處理組X4(中間空白)與X5(結尾有圖無字)亦明顯優於對照組。
3. 整體而言,在想像力的表現上,不同實驗組在組間存有顯著差異。第一次測驗中,X6(結尾空白)顯著高於X5(結尾有圖無字);第三次測驗中, X2(開頭空白)與X6(結尾空白)均顯著高於X3(中間有圖無字)與X5(結尾有圖無字);第四次測驗中,X6顯著高於X3(中間有圖無字);第二次測驗的想像力表現則並無顯著差異。
4. 不論以何種形式處理之繪本閱讀想像寫作,其四次分數間均呈顯著正相關(p< .05),且可解釋短文寫作想像力16%的變異量。
最後,建議教學者可選擇合適的讀本,進行教材設計,並嘗試將部分文本內容進行空白處理,讓學生主動聯結舊經驗,並且在考量文本情境脈絡的狀況下,進行空白處的訊息思考與想像,特別是在文本結尾保留空白更能激發學童想像力。
Creativity and imagination are the driving force for the advancement of human society and civilization. The cultivation of creative and imaginative talents is also one of the most important educational goals of the current society. This study aims to manipulate different contexts in picture books to explore the impact of imaginative writing through context manipulation on students’ imagination and creativity. The context manipulation included with pictures and no words, no picture and no word, in the beginning, middle, or end of the picture books. The study adopted the quasi-experimental design and conducted 4 picture book reading imaginative writing sessions in one month. The participants were a total of 186 fourth-grade students in an elementary school in Kaohsiung city; the students were from 7 classes, of which 6 were experimental groups and 1 was a control group. The research tool consisted of four picture books, which are El Viaje de Pipo, King for a Day, The Best Witch of the Year, Mr. Bear’s Chair; the pretest/post-test data collection included Wu et al.’s (1998) Creativity Test (Verbal – bamboo chopsticks), and a vocabulary association imaginative writing composition in the posttest. Data analysis utilized one-way multivariate analysis, one-way covariate analysis, and multiple regression analysis to recognize the difference of the imagination and creativity among the students in the experimental groups who received different contextual manipulation treatments and the students in the control group who received unmodified picture book reading.
The results showed that:
1. The experimental groups demonstrated significantly higher average scores on Fluency, Originality, and Flexibility in the Creativity Test (Verbal).
2. In terms of students’ creativity performance, Experimental Group X2 (no picture, no words at the beginning) has significantly better performance than Experimental Group X3 (with picture and no words in the middle) and the Control Group.
(1) In terms of Fluency, Experimental Group X2 (no picture, no words at the beginning) had significantly better performance than X1 (with picture and no words at the beginning), X3 (with picture and no words in the middle), X4 (no picture, no words in the middle), X6 (no picture, no words at the end), and the Control Group. The Experimental Group X5 (with picture and no words at the end) performed significantly better than X3 (with picture and no words in the middle).
(2) In terms of Flexibility, Experimental Group X2 (no picture, no words at the beginning) and X5 (with picture and no words at the end) had significantly better performance than X3 (with picture and no words in the middle) and the Control Group.
(3) In terms of Originality, Experimental Group X2 (no picture, no words at the beginning) had significantly better performance than X1 (with picture and no words at the beginning), X3 (with picture and no words in the middle), and the Control Group. The Experimental Group X4 (no picture, no words in the middle) and X5 (with picture and no words at the end) also performed significantly better than the Control Group.
3. The different Experimental Groups had significant differences in the average score of imaginative writing composition in the first, third, and fourth imaginative writing sessions.
4. The four average scores of the different imaginative writing composition sessions showed a positive correlation (p<.05), which explains the 16% variance in the imagination score of students’ vocabulary association imaginative writing composition.
Lastly, this study suggests teachers select suitable picture books as teaching materials, hide certain parts of the book, and encourage students to fill in the blank, which to allow students to link to their past experience in consideration of the context and logic of the book, and students performance more imagination when reading with no picture, no words at the end of the book.
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