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題名:臺灣濕地復育的機運與困境之研究
作者:陳鵬升
作者(外文):CHEN, PERNG-SHENG
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:地理學系
指導教授:齊士崢
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2020
主題關鍵詞:土地利用競合衝突管理濕地復育機運與困境Land use coopetitionConflict managementWetland restorationOpportunities and predicaments
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臺灣擁有豐富的濕地環境,是動植物重要的棲地,扮演著維護生物多樣性與種源基因庫等關鍵角色,但近年來濕地面臨各種開發,造成環境保育與開發間的衝突與競合。首先,以公告之83處重要濕地進行套疊分析,瞭解濕地位於那些保護(育、留)區或環境敏感地,藉以探討土地使用上的競合問題。其次,再以衝突最嚴重的七股鹽田及茄萣濕地為案例,應用文獻分析及利害關係人分析矩陣,驗證、分析和檢討這些折衝過程中,主要利害關係人之間的衝突、互補、合作及相對重要性與影響力,釐清主要操作權力的利害關係人及權力運作過程,並藉此2個案例討論臺灣濕地復育過程中,公私部門如何影響濕地復育的機運與困境。
研究結果顯示,私部門影響七股鹽田濕地復育的困境,主要關鍵因素包括:民眾對濕地的認知、土地被日本強徵、擔心濕地劃設後權益受損及阻礙地方發展等問題,本研究亦提出相對應的建議,供未來與民眾再溝通、修正重要濕地保育利用計畫及審議之參考。另外,茄萣濕地的案例,藉由各利害關係人的協調與取捨,透過都市計畫變更程序,將高強度的土地使用轉變為濕地公園的例子,是臺灣濕地保育、復育及教育的第一個,也是最重要的案例。這說明了在天時、地利、人和的機運條件下,將促進濕地的復育工作。惟公部門仍未放棄在濕地內開路的政策,亦造成濕地復育待解的困境。本研究對於提供瞭解案例發展的紀錄,解析其利害關係人與操作方式,以作為未來之借鏡有其必要性。本研究對於臺灣的濕地復育及都市發展如何有效共存提供了重要的方向。
Taiwan exhibits plentiful wetlands, which serve as crucial habitats for animals and plants and play a key role in maintaining biodiversity and protecting the gene database of many species. Recently, conflicts and coopetition between environmental conservation and land development surrounding wetlands have arisen. This paper presents an overlay analysis on the 83 wetlands of importance announced by the government to clarify the protected or environmentally sensitive areas these wetlands are located, thereby revealing the problems regarding the competition between wetland restoration and land use. The wetlands in the Cigu Salt Pan and Jiading, where the conflicts were the most severe, were selected for case studies. Through literature review and organize an importance matrix of stakeholders. The matrix was employed to analyze, verify, and discuss the conflict, complementation, cooperation, and relative importance and influence between the stakeholders, thereby clarifying the primary stakeholders and how they exercise their power. The purpose of the case study was to discuss the opportunities and dilemmas faced by public and private sectors in the processes of restoring wetlands. 
The key factors to the dilemmas faced by the private sectors in restoring the wetland of the Cigu Salt Pan were different awareness levels of the importance of wetland, compulsory expropriation of the land by the late Japanese colonial regime, and people’s worries about the loss of rights and obstacles to local development after the designation of the wetland. Suggestions were proposed in light of these factors for relevant authorities in communicating with people and revising and reviewing the plan to conserve and use critical wetlands. Further, in the case of Jiading wetlands, the conversion of a high-intensity land use zone to a wetland park was the first and most crucial example of the wetland preservation, restoration, and education in Taiwan, achieved through the coordination and compromises between stakeholders as well as the changes in urban planning. In summary, restoration of wetlands is facilitated by opportunities provided at the right time, right place and with the support of people, but it is impeded by the dilemma caused by the public sector’s unwillingness to cancel road construction on Jiading wetlands. The records on the case were analyzed to clarify the primary stakeholders and their exercising of powers, providing a crucial reference for effective coordination between wetland conservation and urban development in Taiwan.
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