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題名：次最大腳踏車功率計測試評估心肺適能的信效度：基於儲備心率百分比開發最大攝氧量預測模型
作者：李芳
作者(外文)：LI, FANG
校院名稱：國立體育大學
系所名稱：運動科學研究所
指導教授：黃啟彰
何金山
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2022
主題關鍵詞：心肺適能；最大攝氧量；次最大腳踏車功率計測試；預測模型；cardiorespiratory fitness；maximal oxygen uptake；submaximal cycle ergometer test；prediction model
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背景與目的: 最大攝氧量是衡量心肺適能的黃金指標，對於一般群眾運動訓練計劃的制定與調整是非常必要的。然而，最大攝氧量的直接量測需要借助氣體分析儀進行監測，儀器設備昂貴，操作程式複雜。為了降低心肺適能的檢測成本，本研究基於次最大腳踏車功率計測試並結合人體測量參數開發了最大攝氧量預測模型。方法: 在本研究中共有150位健康男性 (年齡: 18-30歲) 完成了身體組成量測和最大運動測試。所有受試者的最大攝氧量都是通過電動負載運動測功腳踏車配合氣體分析儀進行直接量測的。心率傳感器被用於監測受試者在運動測試過程中的心率反應。使用次最大腳踏車功率計測試過程中的第六階運動強度 (%HRR6)，以及年齡、身體質量指數、體重、體脂率、儲備心率 (heart rate reserve, HRR)，通過多元線性回歸分析推導出的最大攝氧量預測模型為BMI模型、PBF模型HRR和PBF模型%HRR6。多元決定係數 (R²)、變異係數 (coefficient of variation, CV)、絕對標準誤 (standard error of estimate, SEE) 和相對標準誤 (%SEE) 被用於評估這3個預估模型的擬合度和精確性。斯皮爾曼等級相關係數 (Spearman rank correlation coefficient) 和組內相關係數 (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) 分別被用於分析最大攝氧量預測值和實測值之間的相關性，以及驗證最大攝氧量回歸模型的可靠性。本研究使用預測殘差平方和 (predicted residual error sum of squares, PRESS) 和恆定誤差 (constant error, CE) 統計方法對最大攝氧量回歸模型進行兩次獨立的交叉驗證。Bland–Altman plots被用來評估最大攝氧量實際測量值和預測值之間的一致性水平。結果：年齡 (r = -0.356)、體重 (r = -0.527)、身體質量指數 (r = -0.520)、體脂率 (r = - 0.615)、儲備心率 (HRR, r = 0.266)、%HRR6 (r = -0.356) 皆與最大攝氧量顯著相關。相較於BMI模型和PBF模型HRR，PBF模型%HRR6呈現了較高的決定係數 (R²) 和較低的預估標準誤 (SEE)、SEE%、變異係數。PBF模型%HRR6可以解釋最大攝氧量的63.3%，預估標準誤為4.349 mL·kg-1·min-1。交叉驗證分析結果顯示，BMI模型、PBF模型HRR和PBF模型%HRR6皆具有良好的穩定性。結論：這篇研究表明基於次最大腳踏車功率計測試建立的PBF模型%HRR6能夠提高最大攝氧量的預測準確性。一般民眾或選手可以使用該模型來評估自身的心肺適能水平和運動訓練效果，從而為後期運動訓練計劃的擬定或調整提供依據。
Background and purpose: Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is the golden indicator for measuring cardiorespiratory fitness, and it is very necessary for the development and adjustment of exercise training programs in the general public. However, the direct measurement of VO2max needs to be monitored with a gas exchange analyzer, which is expensive and complicated. In order to reduce the examining cost of cardiorespiratory fitness, this study developed VO2max prediction models based on submaximal cycle ergometer test combined with anthropometric parameters. Methods: A total of 150 healthy men (age: 18-30 years) completed body composition measurements and the maximal exercise test in this study. The VO2max of all subjects was directly measured on an electromagnetically braked bicycle ergometer with a gas analyzer. The heart rate sensor was used to monitor the subjects' heart rate response during exercise testing. Using age, body mass index, body weight, percent body fat, heart rate reserve (HRR), as well as the sixth-order exercise intensity (%HRR6) during the VO2max exercise test, the maximal oxygen uptake prediction models derived by multiple linear regression analysis were BMI model, PBF modelHRR and PBF model%HRR6. The multivariate coefficient of determination (R²), coefficient of variation (CV), standard error of estimate (SEE), and relative standard error of estimate (%SEE) were used to evaluate the fitness and accuracy of these prediction models. Spearman rank correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to analyze the correlation between predicted and measured VO2max values, and to verify the reliability of VO2max regression models, respectively. This study performed two independent cross-validations of VO2max regression models using predicted residual error sum of squares and constant error statistics. Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the level of agreement between actual measured and predicted VO2max values. Results: Age (r = -0.356), body weight (r = -0.527), body mass index (r = -0.520), percent body fat (r = -0.615), heart rate reserve (HRR, r = 0.266), %HRR6 (r = -0.356) were significantly correlated to VO2max. Compared with the BMI model and the PBF modelHRR, the PBF model%HRR6 showed a higher coefficient of determination (R²) and a lower standard error of estimate (SEE), SEE%, and coefficient of variation. The PBF model%HRR6 could explain 63.3% of VO2max, with SEE of 4.349 mL·kg-1·min-1. The results of cross-validation analysis suggested that the BMI model, PBF modelHRR and PBF model%HRR6 all had good stability. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the PBF model%HRR6 based on submaximal cycle ergometer test can improve the prediction accuracy of VO2max. The general public or athletes can use this model to evaluate their own cardiorespiratory fitness level and exercise training effect, so as to provide a basis for the development or adjustment of later exercise programs.
李尹鑫、陳家祥、嚴笠哲、相子元（2018）。腳踏車踩踏功率的應用與發展。體育學報，51(2)，145-154。
衛生福利部國民健康署：臺灣肥胖防治策略，2018。https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/EBook. aspx?nodeid=3813。引用2022/01/05。
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