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題名:長照機構員工職場友誼對離職傾向的影響:以工作意義、工作敬業為中介角色與組織文化為調節角色
作者:許芳榤
作者(外文):SHIU,FANG-JIE
校院名稱:大葉大學
系所名稱:管理學院博士班
指導教授:楊豐華
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2023
主題關鍵詞:長照機構職場友誼工作意義工作敬業離職傾向Long-Term Care FacilitiesWorkplace FriendshipsMeaning of WorkWork EngagementTurnover Intention
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長照產業是未來需求極大的產業,長照機構從業人員多樣且多元化,從需求面來看,2015年全國失智失能人口統計超過76萬人,所影響的家屬人數超過200萬人。長照產業面臨第一線服務人員「缺工」的現象,居家服務用人單位,總在抱怨照顧服務人員「招募難,留任也難」。長照機構提供專業的照護服務依靠的是機構工作人員團隊合作的力量,團隊中成員應該對彼此的專業有所尊重,能夠協調溝通,互相配合,凝聚共同的信念。
本研究將圍繞長照機構員工影響離職傾向問題,關注職場友誼、工作意義、工作敬業與離職傾向之間的關係模型,同時關注長照機構的組織文化在研究模型扮演的角色。本研究以問卷調查的方式,針對國內長照機構員工收集研究資料,將問卷分為第一階段與第二階段問卷,兩階段收集問卷資料,第一階段收集自變數以及調節變數資料,第二階段則收集中介變數以及依變數資料,以符合因果關係的驗證需求。透過描述性統計、測量模型以及結構模型等三階段的資料分析,得出本研究分析結果。
另外,本研究以案例訪談的方式,選定社區式、機構住宿式以及居家式長照機構式,訪談包含高階主管、社工人員、護理人員以及照服員等,透過紮根理論萃取重要概念,驗證量化研究的結果。本研究證實了長照機構員工職場友誼對工作意義與工作敬業有正向顯著影響;長照機構員工的工作意義、職場友誼與工作敬業對離職傾向有顯著負向影響;長照機構員工的工作意義與工作敬業在職場友誼對離職傾向之間的中介效果成立;最後,長照機構員工組織文化對職場友誼在工作意義及離職傾向的調節效果成立。
根據本研究的研究結論,以及對長照機構實地深度訪談,本研究提出實務建議,長照機構應舉辦各項活動,提升員工的職場友誼;其次,長照機構的管理階層應該要將自己對工作的理念,以更高層級的意義的概念,分享給員工,能帶領員工找到工作價值,進而能提升員工的敬業程度;本研究建議長照機構的管理階層,應該要重視組織文化的營造,建立符合該機構特性的核心工作價值與信念,由管理階層與員工長期共同塑造及培養。
The long-term care industry is a rapidly growing sector with a significant demand. Long-term care facilities employ diverse and varied personnel. From a demand perspective, statistics from 2015 show that there were over 760,000 individuals with dementia or disabilities nationwide, impacting over 2 million family members. The industry is facing a shortage of frontline caregivers, with home care service providers often expressing difficulties in recruiting and retaining care staff. Long-term care facilities rely on the collaborative efforts of their staff teams to provide professional care services. It is crucial for team members to respect each other's expertise, coordinate communication effectively, cooperate with one another, and share a common belief.
This research focuses on the issue of employee turnover in long-term care facilities, examining the relationship model between workplace friendships, meaning of work, work engagement, and turnover intention. The role of organizational culture in the research model is also emphasized. This study utilizes a questionnaire survey to collect research data from employees of domestic long-term care facilities. The survey is divided into two stages: the first stage collects data on independent and moderating variables, while the second stage collects data on mediating and dependent variables, aiming to meet the validation requirements of causal relationships. The research analysis is conducted through three stages: descriptive statistics, measurement model, and structural model.
Additionally, this study incorporates case interviews with high-level executives, social workers, nursing staff, and caregivers from community-based, institution-based, and home-based long-term care facilities. Grounded theory is used to extract important concepts and validate the results of the quantitative research.The findings of this study confirm that workplace friendships among long-term care facility employees have a significant positive impact on meaning of work and work engagement. Meaning of work, workplace friendships, and work engagement have a significant negative impact on turnover intention. The mediating effect of meaning of work and work engagement between workplace friendships and turnover intention among long-term care facility employees is established. Finally, the moderating effect of organizational culture on workplace friendships in meaning of work and turnover intention is confirmed.
Based on the research conclusions and in-depth field interviews with long-term care facilities, this study provides practical recommendations. Long-term care facilities should organize various activities to enhance workplace friendships among employees. Additionally, management should share their higher-level conceptualization of meaning of work with employees, leading them to find work value and enhance their dedication. It is recommended that the management of long-term care facilities place importance on cultivating organizational culture and establish core work values and beliefs that align with the characteristics of the organization, shaping and nurturing them together with the employees in the long term.
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