Based on the aesthetic imagery of the “empty courtyard,” this paper explores the Zen philosophies that are prominent in Chinese and Japanese garden art, especially those concepts such as “void,” “silence,” and “mysterious profundity.” By combining the concepts with psychoanalysis, this paper focuses on states of the consciousnesses, including “integration between subject and object” and “oneness between the object and the self,” which are often mentioned in aesthetic psychology, and the ways those concepts are approached differently between the East and the West. In addition, the paper puts a particular emphasis on how the concepts reflect the consciousness of “reality” and the perception of time.
This paper also reflect on such Eastern concepts, as “the complementary nature between reality and illusion,” “negative space,” and “imagery beyond imageries.” The analysis combs through the relationships and principles between the tangible and intangible throughout the art of painting to feature spiritual symbols of gardens as a creative subject matter. In addition, discussions will also extend to the creative methods and the appropriations of psychological images as discourses on the works.
This paper is structured with six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which will give an overall account of the motivation, research topic, and goal of writing this paper, as well as the limitations of the research and literature. The second chapter adopts the aesthetic perspective of eastern imageries and explores the meaning of the empty courtyard, the connection between imagery and Zen, the abstract concept of imagery, and the development of Zen and garden art. The discourse is followed by the social symbolism of the empty courtyard and the connection between “mysterious profundity” and the courtyard imagery. The third chapter approaches the topic through psychoanalysis. The study first interprets the structure of the unconscious through Freud’s “models of the mind” and then extends the discussion to include Carl Jung’s idea of the “situational archetypes,” “collective unconsciousness,” and “synchronicity,” finally concluding with archetypes that frequently appear in Chinese and Japanese gardens. The fourth chapter focuses on my work and artistic concepts through my creative thought pattern, artistic medium, and techniques. This chapter also explains concepts such as the appropriation of symbols from the image of the empty courtyard and psychoanalysis, and the extended meaning of mediums in my works. The fifth chapter elaborates on works that were completed during my doctorate studies and the analysis of the works. The chapter is separated into four series: “shared journey,” “scenes along the way,” “projections of the consciousness,” and “moment of thought.” The final chapter concludes the topic and research I conducted during my doctorate studies. I hope this paper will be able to elaborate on my creative explorations under the varying influences of eastern and western contexts, inspections of the mind and soul, and the creative integration between subject and object.