從傳播科技的發展看語文教育的內涵與趨勢__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	從傳播科技的發展看語文教育的內涵與趨勢
書刊名：	國民教育研究學報
作者：	沈添鉦
作者(外文)：	Shen, Tien-cheng
出版日期：	2000
卷期：	6
頁次：	頁61-78
主題關鍵詞：	文字；口語；語文教育；傳播科技；多媒體；Print；Oral language；Literacy education；Communication technology；Multimedia
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:2 共同引用:0 點閱:34

　　　　　本文從傳播科技發展的觀點，檢視文字與其他符號系統（尤其是口語語言），進而檢討傳統語文教育偏重文字系統學習的缺失。本文提出以下四個主要論點：一、不同的符號系統（如言語、文字、圖畫、音樂等）在處理訊息的時候，確實涉及不同的認知過程和經驗；不過，沒有一種符號系統會產生全面性的認知上的影響。二、口語和文字並不是對立的，口語也不是傳播科技競賽中的失敗者。事實上，從表徵過程來看，二種符號系統的抽象程度與精確程度是很接近的。在目前的科技環境中，文字傳播傳統的優勢已大不如前。三、傳播科技與書寫系統的發展，並非如Goody和Watt所稱的「進化式」的發展，而是比較接近「累加式」的發展。這種累加式的發展情形，不僅存在於不同的符號系統之間，也存在於文字符號系統本身。四、電腦多媒體傳播是人類傳播科技發展的總匯；根據最新的發展狀況來看，多媒體與網路傳播有可能成為未來資訊傳播的主流。學校教育有必要修正以往偏重文字學習的作法，改成以培養學生多媒體素養為課程的重點。文末則針對現代的多媒體與網路科技對傳統文字及語文學習的影響，提出了一些問題和建議。

以文找文

　　　　　This paper takes a look at the historical developments of the relationship between the written language with other symbol systems, especially the spoken language, and points out that the traditional print-centered literacy education has to be re-conceptualized to accommodate the appearance of multimedia communication brought forth by the recent developments in information and network technologies. Four main arguments are forwarded: 1)Different symbol system (e.g., speech, print, picture, music) do involve different cognitive processes and experiential results, however, no single symbol system has been found to produce sweeping genitive changes in the user. 2)Speech and print are not opposite communication technologies, nor the oral mode of communication a loser in the technological competitions in human civilization. In fact, both symbol systems involve the same level of abstraction and precision in their representational processes. Furthermore, the traditional advantages of print in the transmissional processes have been greatly reduced by the recent advances in communication technology. 3)The developments in communication technologies and writing systems did not follow the "evolution" model assumed by Goody and Watt, but instead came close to an "addition" model in which new communication tools were added to the communicative repertoire of the society. 4)In computer-based multimedia we see the convergence of all traditional information and communication technologies in one tool. As information in digital form rapidly increases, it becomes necessary to reconsider the goal and processes of traditional print-centered literacy education. In the final part of the paper, some urgent issues are raised and pedagogical implications made concerning today's literacy education.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Eisner, E. W.(1993)。Forms of understanding and the future of educational research。Educational researcher，22(7)，5-11。
2.	Hull, G.(1993)。Hearing other voices: A critical assessment of popular views on literacy and work。Harvard Educational Review，63(1)，20-49。
3.	Shen, V. T. C.(1996)。Meaning construction in reading with hypertext: A sociocognitive perspective。Journal of Research on Elementary Education，2，307-362。

學位論文
1.	Shen, V. T.-C.(1995)。Reading with hypertext: The role of hypertext links and social interaction in fifth grade students' meaning construction(博士論文)。University of California at Berkeley。

圖書
1.	Donald, M.(1991)。Origins of the modern mind。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。
2.	Diringer, D.(1967)。The illuminated book: Its history and production。New York：Praeger。
3.	Coulmas, Florian(1989)。The writing systems of the world。Basil Blackwell。
4.	Ellis, A.、Beattie, G.(1986)。The psychology of language and communication。London：Weidenfeld and Nicolson。
5.	Gaur, A.(1985)。A history of writing。New York：Scrbner。
6.	Emerson, A.(1993)。Teaching media in the primary school。London：Cassell。
7.	Foster, H. M.(1979)。The new literacy: The language of film and television。Urbana, IL：National Council of Teachers of English。
8.	Gelb, I. J.(1952)。A study of writing: The foundations of grammatology。Chicago：The University of Chicago Press。
9.	Graff, H. J.(1987)。The legacies of literacy: Continuities and contradictions in Western culture and society。Indiana University Press。
10.	Heath, S. B.(1983)。Ways with words: Language, life and work in communities and classrooms。Cambridge University Press。
11.	Salomon, G.(1994)。Interaction of media, cognition, and learning。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。
12.	Olson, D. R.(1994)。The world on paper。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
13.	Tyner, K.(1998)。Literacy in a digital world: Teaching and learning in the age of information age。
14.	Street, Brian(1986)。Literacy in theory and practice。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
15.	Dyson, A. H.(1993)。Social worlds of children learning to write in an urban primary school。New York：Teachers College Press。
16.	Bolter, Jay David(1991)。Writing space: the computer, hypertext, and the history of writing。Lawrence Erlbaum Association。
17.	Gardner, Howard E.(1983)。Frames of mind: the theory of multiple intelligences。Basic Books。
18.	Eisner, Elliot W.(1994)。Cognition and curriculum reconsidered。Teacher College, Columbia University。

圖書論文
1.	Dyson, A. H.(1994)。Viewpoints: The world and the World reconceptualizing written language development or, do rainbows mean a lot to little girls?。Theoretical models and processes of reading。International Reading Association。
2.	Fowler, C. A.(1981)。Some aspects of language perception by eye: The beginning reader。Perception of print: Reading research in experimental psychology。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
3.	Havelock, E. A.(1988)。The coming of literate communication to Western culture。Perspective on literacy。Carbondale, IL：Southern Illinois University Press。
4.	Harste, J. C.、Burke, C. L.、Woodward, V. A.(1994)。Children's language and world: Initial encounters with print。Theoretical Models and Processes of Reading。Newark, DE：International Reading Association。
5.	Goody, J.、Watt, I.(1988)。The consequences of literacy。Perspective on literacy。Arbondale, IL：Southern Illinois University Press。
6.	Moll, L. C.(1992)。Literacy research in community and classrooms: A sociocultural approach。Multidisciplinary perspectives on literacy research。Urbana, IL：NCTE。
7.	Heath, S. B.(1988)。Protean shapes in literacy events: Ever shifting oral and literate traditions。Perspectives on literacy。Carbondale, IL：Southern Illinois University Press。
8.	Heath, S. B.(1982)。Questioning at home and at school: A comparative study。Doing the ethnography of school。New York：Holt, Rinehart & Winston。
9.	Ong, W. J.(1988)。Some psychodynamics of orality。Perspective on literacy。Carbondale, IL：Southern Illinois University Press。
10.	Olson, D. R.(1988)。From utterance to text: The bias of language in speech and writing。Perspective on literacy。Carbondale, IL：Southern Illinois University Press。
11.	Olson, D. R.、Hildyard, A.(1982)。On the comprehension and memory of oral vs. written discourse。Spoken and written language: Exploring orality and literacy。Norwood, NJ：Ablex Publishing。
12.	Scribner, S.、Cole, M.(1988)。Unpackaging literacy。Perspective on literacy。Carbondale, IL：Southern Illinois University Press。
13.	Wang, W. S.-Y.(1981)。Language Structure and Optimal Orthography。Perception of print。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
14.	Chafe, Wallace L.(1982)。Integration and Involvement in Speaking, Writing, and Oral Literature。Spoken and Written Language: Exploring Orality and Literacy。Ablex Publishing。

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