Rules vs. Analogy in Mandarin Classifier Selection__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	Rules vs. Analogy in Mandarin Classifier Selection
書刊名：	語言暨語言學
作者：	myers, james
出版日期：	2000
卷期：	1:2
頁次：	頁187-209
主題關鍵詞：	Analogy；Rule；Classifier；Default rule；漢語；量詞；分類詞
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(1) 排除自我引用:2 共同引用:0 點閱:52

　　　　　A long-running debate concerns whether human language is processed solely by analogy to memorized exemplars, as connectionists have claimed, or instead may be processed by symbol-manipulating rules (e.g. Pinker 1999). In this paper we bring this debate to the Mandarin noun classifier system, arguing that the so-called general classifier 個 ge is selected by a default rule. Reviewing evidence from a variety of sources, including new corpus analyses, we first argue that the selection of most classifiers is lexically mediated, and then show that ge has no lexical semantics. Finally, we show that ge is used in a variety of situations that have nothing in common except for the inability to form analogies with examples in memory: when nouns are too dissimilar from lexical exemplars, are derived from other syntactic categories, or cooccur with classifiers too infrequently, and when speakers have memory access problems.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Tai, H-Y. James、Chao, Fangyi(1994)。A semantic study of the classifier zhang。Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association，29(3)，67-78。
2.	Loke, Kit-Ken(1996)。Norms and realities of Mandarin shape classifiers。Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association，31(2)，1-22。
3.	Ahrens, Kathleen(1994)。Classifier production in normals and aphasics。Journal of Chinese Linguistics，22(2)，203-248。
4.	Allen, Keith(1977)。Classifiers。Language，53(2)，285-311。
5.	王紹新(1989)。量詞「個」在唐代前後的發展。語言教學與研究，2，98-119。延伸查詢
6.	Rosch, Eleanor H.(1973)。Natural categories。Cognitive Psychology，4(3)，328-350。
7.	戴浩一、Wang, L. Q.(1990)。A semantic study of the classifier tiao。中文教師學會學報，25(1)，35-56。
8.	Tzeng, Ovid J. L.、Chen, Sylvia S. Y.、Hung, Daisy L.(1991)。The classifier problem in Chinese aphasia。Brain and Language，41(2)，184-202。
9.	Collins, A. M.、Loftus, E. F.(1975)。A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing。Psychological Review，82(6)，407-428。
10.	Marcus, Gary F.、Pinker, Steven A.、Ullman, Michael、Hollander, Michelle、Rosen, T. John、Xu, Fei、Clahsen, Harald(1992)。Overregularization in language acquisition。Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development，57(4)，1-182。
11.	Church, Kenneth Ward、Hanks, Patrick(1990)。Word Association Norms, Mutual Information, and Lexicography。Computational Linguistics，16(1)，22-29。
12.	Loke, Kit-Ken(1994)。Is ge merely a "general classifier"?。Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association，29(3)，35-50。
13.	Yau, Shun-chiu(1986)。"There is something...": How to use a classifier in Chinese in case of lexical breakdown。Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale，15(1)，59-64。
14.	Bybee, Joan L.、Moder, Carol Lynn(1983)。Morphological classes as natural categories。Language，59(2)，251-270。
15.	Hare, Mary、Elman, Jeffrey L.、Daugherty, Kim G.(1995)。Default generalisation in connectionist networks。Language and Cognitive Processes，10(6)，601-630。
16.	Jaeger, Jeri、Lockwood, Alan H.、Kemmerer, David L.、Van Valin, Robert D. Jr.、Murphy, Brian W.、Khalak, Hanif G.(1996)。A positron emission tomographic study of regular and irregular verb morphology in English。Language，72(3)，451-497。
17.	MacWhinney, Brian、Leinbach, Jared(1991)。Implementations are not conceptualizations: Revising the verb learning model。Cognition，40，121-157。
18.	Marcus, Gary F.、Brinkmann, Ursula、Clahsen, Harald、Wiese, Richard、Pinker, Steven A.(1995)。German inflection: The exception that proves the rule。Cognitive Psychology，29(3)，189-256。
19.	McRae, Ken、de Sa, Virginia R.、Seidenberg, Mark S.(1997)。On the nature and scope of featural representations of word meaning。Journal of Experimental Psychology: General，126(2)，99-130。
20.	Pinker, Steven A.(1991)。Rules of language。Science，253，530-535。
21.	Pinker, Steven A.、Prince, Alan(1988)。On language and connectionism: Analysis of a Parallel Distributed Processing model of language acquisition。Cognition，28，73-193。
22.	Plunkett, Kim、Marchman, Virginia(1991)。U-shaped learning and frequency effects in a multi-layered perception: Implications for child language acquisition。Cognition，38(1)，43-102。
23.	Plunkett, Kim、Marchman, Virginia(1993)。From rote learning to system building: acquiring verb morphology in children and connectionist nets。Cognition，48(1)，21-69。
24.	Polio, Charlene(1994)。Non-native speakers' use of nominal classifiers in Mandarin Chinese。Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association，29(3)，51-66。
25.	Prasada, Sandeep、Pinker, Steven A.(1993)。Similarity-based and rule-based generalizations in inflectional morphology。Language and Cognitive Processes，8，1-56。
26.	Shi, Yu-Zhi(1996)。Proportion of extensional dimensions: The primary cognitive basis for shape-based classifiers in Chinese。Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association，31(2)，37-59。
27.	Wiebusch, Thekla(1995)。Quantification and qualification: Two competing functions of numeral classifiers in the light of the radical system of the Chinese script。Journal of Chinese Linguistics，23，1-41。

會議論文
1.	Erbaugh, Mary S.(1986)。Taking stock: The development of Chinese noun classifiers historically and in young children。Symposium on categorization and noun classification，(會議日期: October 1983)。John Benjamins Publishing Company。399-436。

研究報告
1.	(1994)。CKIP Technical Report。Taipei。

學位論文
1.	Kuo, Jenny Yi-chun(1998)。A Semantic and Contrastive Analysis of Mandarin and English Measure Words(碩士論文)，Chia-yi。
2.	Hu, Qian(1993)。The Acquisition of Chinese Classifiers by Young Mandarin-Speaking Children。
3.	田意民(1996)。漢語分類詞與名詞的語義確認歷程之分析，嘉義。延伸查詢

圖書
1.	Pinker, Steven A.(1989)。Learnability and cognition: the acquisition of argument structure。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。
2.	Pinker, Steven A.(1999)。Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language。New York：Basic Books。
3.	Pinker, Steven(1997)。How the mind works。New York：W. W. Norton & Company。
4.	Li, Charles Na、Thompson, Sandra Annear(1981)。Mandarin Chinese: a functional reference grammar。University of California Press。
5.	Wieger, Léon(1965)。Chinese Characters。Chinese Characters。
6.	Kiparsky, Paul(1988)。Phonological Change。Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey-I Linguistic Theory: Foundations。New York。
7.	Miao, Xiao-Chun、Zhu, Man-Shu(1992)。Language development in Chinese children。Language Processing in Chinese。Amsterdam/New York。
8.	戴浩一(1992)。Variation in Classifier Systems Across Chinese Dialects: Towards a Cognition-Based Semantic Approach。中國境內語言暨語言學（第一輯）。臺北。延伸查詢

其他
1.	陳克健，黃居仁，Chang, Li-Ping，Hsu, Hui-Li(1996)。Sinica Corpus: Design Methodology for Balanced Corpra，Seoul Korea。
2.	Wu, Xiu-Zhi Zoe，李芳(1997)。Da-le ge luohualiushui: An activity classifier and complement marker。
3.	Zubin, David A.，Shimojo, Mitsuaki(1993)。How "general" are general classifiers? with special reference to ko and tsu in Japanese。
4.	Ahrens, Kathleen，黃居仁(1996)。Classifiers and semantic type coercion: Motivating a new classification of classifiers，Seoul Korea。
5.	Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.(1997)。Classifiers: A typology of noun categorization devices。

圖書論文
1.	Tai, James H.-Y.(1994)。Chinese classifier systems and human categorization。In honor of Professor William S.-Y. Wang: Interdisciplinary studies on language and language change。Taipei：Pyramid Publishing Company。
2.	Rumelhart, David E.、McClelland, James L.(1986)。On learning the past tenses of English verbs: Implicit rules or parallel distributed processing?。Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。

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