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題名:澳洲就業促進政策之探討:當前體制及其經驗啟示
書刊名:東吳社會學報
作者:葉肅科 引用關係
作者(外文):Ye, Su-ke
出版日期:2002
卷期:12
頁次:頁51-91
主題關鍵詞:就業促進政策工作網絡聯合服務中心求職者分類架構相互責任Employment promotion policyJob networkCentrelinkJob seeker classification instrumentMutual obligation
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:6
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     在OECD國家中,澳洲是首先將市場機制引進就業服務體系的國家之一。自1998年工作網絡(Job Network)採行以來,澳洲的就業服務主要是由私人與社區部門的就業供給組織所提供。在OECD國家中,這種就業服務的轉變可說是無與倫比的,它也顯示:透過私人與社區就業供給組織而來的就業服務輸送是一種有活力的選擇。本文的主要目的在探討戰後澳洲,尤其是晚近十年來就業促進政策的發展,關注焦點則擺在就業體系運作的主要服務、體系組成與求職者流動上。在這篇文章裡,我們並不意圖呈現一種全面性的就業政策分析,也不是以探討目前該國提供什麼實際的就業服務內涵為主,而是企圖利用歷史分期作為更廣泛的論辯基礎,並從歷史回顧的眼光進一步分析澳洲就業政策發展現況、主要問題與發展趨勢,最後,我們歸納出該國就業服務的主要特徵,並且提出澳洲經驗可供臺灣啟示或借鏡之建議。   當前的澳洲就業促進政策架構是根據早期的歷史創制而來,並融入市場競爭機制與激化給付措施等更完整理念。再者,它也採行許多創新制度,例如設立聯合服務中心,作為提供求職者收入維持與就業援助的主要據點。這些體制轉變的步驟已逐漸達成,而勞動市場計劃的支出也明顯下降。然而,澳洲就業體系本身的確存有某些問題。未來,它的發展趨勢將針對工作網絡、提供領取失業津貼者工作,以及其他現有就業促進政策或勞動市場計劃之表現而做進一步的改革。無疑的,澳洲經驗對臺灣社會可以提供某些參考或借鏡,但是,不同社會的適用性也應慎重的考慮。
     Australia was one of the first OECD countries to introduce market mechanisms into its employment services. Since the introduction of Job Network in 1998, employment services are mainly delivered by providers from the private and community sector. This radical transformation of employment services is without parallel in OECD countries, and it shows that the delivery of publicly-financed employment services by private and community providers is a viable option. The main purpose of this article is intending to explore the post-war evolution of Australian employment promotion policy. This article does not present a comprehensive analysis of employment policy but rather uses particular issues and historical periods as the basis for exploring broader debates. While the current employment promotion policy framework has drawn on earlier initiatives, it has also advanced certain initiatives more fully (e.g. contestability and activation of benefit measures). Moreover, it has introduced innovations (e.g. establishment of Centrelink as the main point of jobseekers for both income support and employment assistance). These changes were accomplished while spending on labour market programmes was substantially reduced. However, the present employment system in Australia has its some problems. Its development trend will identify reform ways of enhancing the future performance of the Job Network, Work or the Dole and other existing labour market programmes. Indeed, the Australian experience can offer some lessons for policy-making in Taiwan society, but it is necessary to consider that different societies have their various applicabilities .
期刊論文
1.葉肅科(20010500)。澳洲與紐西蘭福利發展 : 歷史結構分析。東吳社會學報,10,155-199。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.辛炳隆(20000800)。縮短法定正常工時對企業經營的影響與配套措施之規劃。勞工行政,148,9-14。  延伸查詢new window
3.辛炳隆(1999)。當前失業問題的研析與因應。政策月刊,52,19-22。  延伸查詢new window
4.郭振昌(1999)。跨世紀失業保險政策願景。社區發展季刊,88,84-96。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.郭振昌(2000)。澳大利亞失業者新開始津貼及其配合措施。勞工行政,151,54-60。  延伸查詢new window
6.Jamrozik, A.(1994)。From Harvester to Deregulation: Wage Earners in the Australian Welfare Stat。Australian Journal of Social Issues,29(2),162-170。  new window
會議論文
1.Freeland, J.(1998)。Employment and Training Policy and Programs: Past, Present and Future。  new window
2.Lyons, J.、Chan, P.(1999)。The Effect of Competitive Markets on Nonprofit Organisations。Sydney。  new window
研究報告
1.Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs(1996)。Working Nation: Evaluation of the Employment, Education and Training Elements, Evaluation and Monitoring Branch。Canberra。  new window
2.DEWRSB(2000)。Job Network Evaluation. Stage One: Implementation and Market Development。Canberra。  new window
3.Eardley, T.、Abello, D.、Macdonald, H.(2001)。Is the Job Network Benefiting Disadvantaged Job Seekers?: Preliminary Evidence from a Study of Non-profit Employment Services。Sydney。  new window
4.Eardley, T.、Saunders, P.、Evans, C.(2000)。Community Attitudes Toward Unemployment, Activity Testing and Mutual Obligation。Sydney。  new window
5.Fay, R.(1997)。Making the Public Employment Service More Effective through the Introduction of Market Signals。Paris。  new window
圖書
1.Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs(1998)。The Early Identification of Jobseekers who are at Greatest Risk of Long-Term Unemployment in Australia。Early Identification of Jobseekers at Risk of Long-Term Unemployment: the Role of Profiling \\ R. Fay (ed.)。Paris。  new window
2.Jones, M.(1996)。The Australian Welfare State: Evaluating Social Policy Leonards。NSW。  new window
3.OECD(1995)。Economic Surveys: Australia。Paris。  new window
4.OECD(1998)。The Battle Against Exclusion: Social Assistance in Australia, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom。Paris。  new window
5.OECD(2001)。Innovations in Labour Market Policies: The Australian Way。Paris。  new window
6.Walwei, U.(1996)。Improving Job-matching Through Placement Services。International Handbook of Labour Market Policy and Evaluation \\ G. Schmid ; J, O’Reilly ; K. Schomann (eds.)。Aldershot。  new window
其他
1.Botsman, P.(1995)。Practical Egalitarians: Australia's Labour Market Institutions, Unions and the Minimum Wage。  new window
2.Commonwealth of Australia(1994)。Working Nation: Policies and Programs,Canberra。  new window
3.Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs(1998)。Job Seeker Classification Instrument (JSCI),Canberra。  new window
4.DEWRSB(2000)。Labour Market Review of Australia: Background Paper for the OECD Review Team,Canberra。  new window
5.Finn, D.(1997)。Working Nation: Welfare reform and the Australian Job Compact for the Long term Unemployed,London。  new window
 
 
 
 
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