The ideal treatment for mental illness covers two parts: symptom-control medication, and follow-up community rehabilitation for out-patients. Among those few local groups which have tried to run community rehabilitation centers in recent years, the mental rehabilitation associations in Taipei City, County, Kaohsiung City and Tainan City are respectively in better development. Different leadership styles also result in various operation strategies. Data collection based on content analyses, participant observation, and in-depth interview accomplished the following research goals: (1) to examine the substances of those community rehabilitation programs operated by these four associations, (2) to uncover the resources exchange strategies of these associations, given different involvement levels of the family exchange strategies of these associations, given different involvement levels of the family members of the mentally ill, (3) to analyze the roles played by the professionals in different operation modes. It is found that Taipei City case has developed various programs, and subsidies from both the labor unit and social unit of Taipei City constitute the major funding source. With limited local government subsidy, the Tainan City case applied for grants from the Labor Commission. Personnel subsidy from the United Way has become a necessary resource for all. Finally, the early linkage with hospital, whether the leader being a family member of the mentally ill, and percentage of family members on the bard all make good indicators to predict the power struggle between the professions and the clientele.