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題名:海牙國際私法公約之研究--以一九七八年海牙關於夫妻財產制之國際私法公約為中心
書刊名:政大法學評論
作者:伍偉華
作者(外文):Wu, Wei-hua
出版日期:2002
卷期:70
頁次:頁205-234
主題關鍵詞:海牙國際私法公約海牙國際私法會議世界法準據法夫妻財產制慣居法住所居所動產及不動產區別主義意思主義屬人法主義涉外民事法律適用法第十三條屈服條款交易安全Hague Convention on Private International LawHague Conference on Private International LawWorld lawHabitual residenceDomicile legal residenceDistinguishment of immovable and movable propertyThe doctrine of autonomy of the partiesPersonal lawArticle 13 of the law of application concerning foreign civil casesSurrender clauseTrade security
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     海牙國際私法會議所通過之海牙國際私法公約,非但可做為我國涉外民事法律適用法所指定之準據法,以及同法第三十條之「法理」予以適用,亦足做為我國立法論之參考或借鏡。以夫妻財產制之準據法為例,我國涉外民事法律適用法第十三條規定,原則上係採本國法主義與不變更主義,在立法論上,相對於一九七八年海牙關於夫妻財產制之國際私法公約係以當事人慣居地法為優先,對我國涉外民事法律適用法第十三條第一項是否修正為以「住所地法」為原則,不無參考性。 然,該公約以當事人意思為連繫因素,並以配偶雙方之意思指定屈服條款,容有進一步檢討之餘地。至保障交易安全與效率方面,我國將來立法修正時,應將夫妻間之財產關係,與涉及第三人之夫妻財產闡係,分別處理,關於夫妻本身之財產關係,依婚姻住所地法,涉及第三人之夫妻財產關係,依物之所在地法,既可確保夫妻間之平等,又可保護交易安全,促進經濟之發展,較以前開公約所定以準據法登記公示,或限縮其效力之方式,更符合一般交易習慣並更為便利,並得迴避夫妻屬人法變更主義與不變更主義之爭。此均或能說明海牙國際私法公約,在某些方面,確有值得我國師法之處,但在某些方面,非當然均合我國之用,此或因海牙國際私法公約參與國家甚夥,大陸法系與英美法系,交錯縱橫,各國又有其固有核心利益,欲以堅持,維護,故所定之規則錯綜複雜。無論如何,海牙國際私法公約在立法論及解釋論上,應有其正面及反面之啟示性及參考價值。
     The Hague Convention On Private International Law ratified by the Hague Conference on Private International Law may not only be suitable. For adoption as our country's own Law of Application Concerning Foreign Civil Cases, but if applied in conjunction with Article 30 of the aforesaid Law, it would provide a valuable reference for our studies. Article 13 of the R.O.C.'s Law of Application Concerning Foreign Civil Cases, for instance, is based on the primacy of national law and immutability, while the 1978 Hague Convention prioritizes instead the respondent's 'habitual residence'. Should the current Article 13(1) of the R.O.C.'s above-mentioned Law be amended such that it is based on legal residence, the Convention ought to provide a good model for our revision efforts. However, the Convention's treament of the respondent as the connecting factor and its basing of the Surrender Clause on the spouses' will requires further rexamination. As forensuring trade security and efficiency, future reforms should treat matters of matrimonial property and matters of third party involvement in matrimonial property separately. Similarly, matters concerning a spouse's individual property should be handled in accordance with martial residence law, while thrid party concerns in matrimonial property be handled in accordance with lex rei sitae. By adopting the above, not only is spousal equality maintained and trade security ensured, it also allows for greater convenience and in conformity with actual trading norms, and settles the dispute between mutability and immutability. Although the Hague Convention offers a great deal of useful information, it is still a product of compromise, which is reflected in its mixture of continental and Anglo- American law traditions along with the vested interests of the signatory countries. Nevertheless, the Convention is a valuable resource for our purposes.
 
 
 
 
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