居住在機構之成年智障者健康與疾病型態分析：性別與年齡之考量_

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題名：	居住在機構之成年智障者健康與疾病型態分析：性別與年齡之考量
書刊名：	臺大社會工作學刊
作者：	王國羽
作者(外文)：	Wang, Kuo-yu
出版日期：	2003
卷期：	8
頁次：	頁91-128
主題關鍵詞：	智能障礙者；成年智能障礙者；機構；健康；疾病；性別；年齡；醫療
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(2) 排除自我引用:6 共同引用:0 點閱:84

本研究目的以分析居住在機構中的成年智障者的疾病與醫療健康狀態為主，研究樣本取自全台二十二間機構，以機構內三十五歲以上之成年智障者為對象，資料收集時間是二000年二月到八月。本文分析焦點集中在性別與年齡兩個面向。總計研究者收集六百一十四位成年智障者之基礎健康與疾病資料。文章分為三部分：第一部份討論智障者的人口結構，第二部份為文獻討論，第三部份以研究者所收集居住在機構的614位智障者健康與疾病資料，討論機構內成年智障者的健康與疾病現況。基本資料顯示，成年智障者的平均年齡為43.75歲，其中男性362位(59%)，女性252位(41%)，樣本中8.5%為唐氏症患者，7.7%為腦性麻痺患者，有抽搐者比例為16.1%。依據BMI指數，其中20.7%體重過輕，亦有14.4%體重過重，過輕表示營養不良，過重則未來發生心臟血管疾病的風險較高。研究結果顯示：隨著年齡的增加，男女兩性智障者罹患心臟病的機率都是呈現上升的趨勢，且男性高於女性。男性罹患神經系統疾病、骨骼肌肉系統疾病等為主，女性以呼吸系統、內分泌系統、腸胃系統疾病等為主。男女兩性皆會隨著年齡增加，知覺系統的改變以聽力退化最為明顯，無論男女都隨著年齡增加知覺系統產生改變。整體分析顯示，各種生理疾病與知覺系統的變化，年齡的差異要大於性別的差異。成年智障者的其他健康問題，文章最後，針對智障者的醫療健康與相關議題，作者也提出討論。

以文找文

The purpose of this study is to analyze the health status for adults with intellectual disabilities who live in institutions in Taiwan. The contents of this paper have three parts, first showed demographic characteristic of people with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan, second article review and last part showed the results. Data were collected from 22 institutions with 614 adults with intellectual disabilities over age 35, at year 2000. This paper focuses on analyzing the gender and age dimensions on health status on this population. The average age for our sample is 43.75, among them, male 362 (59%), female 252 (41%). There were 52 cases (8.5%) with Down syndrome, 16.9% with seizure, and 7.7% with cerebral palsy. The BMI showed that over 20.7% under weight, and over 14% of them with obesity. Both groups need to further exam of their other health conditions. The health status showed that increasing of age, male and female adults with intellectual disabilities had significantly high risk of having cardiovascular disease. Male with intellectual disabilities especially had higher percentage than females, with neurology disease, while adult females at each age group had higher percentage with endocrine, respiratory, GI and infection diseases. Both male and female adult with intellectual disabilities increased the risk of having sensory system problem, especially hearing impairment. The results show that aging process has affected physical conditions, while gender play major role on their mental health problem.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Beange, H.、McElduff, A.、Baker, W.(1995)。Medical disorders of adults with mental retardation: A population study。American Journal on Mental Retardation，99(6)，595-604。
2.	Strauss, D.、Andersen, T. W.、Shavelle, R.、Sheridan, F.、Trenkle, S.(1998)。Cause of death of persons with developmental disabilities: Comparison of institutional and community residents。Mental Retardation，36(5)，386-391。
3.	Seltzer, M. M.、Krauss, M. W.(1989)。Aging Parents with Adult Mentally Retarded Children: Family Risk Factors and Sources of Support。American Journal of Mental Retardation，94(3)，303-312。
4.	Lin, J. D.、Wu, J. L.、Lee, P. N.(2003)。Healthcare needs of people with intellectual disability in institutions in Taiwan : Outpatient care utilization and implications。Journal of Intellectual Disability Research，47(3)，168-180。
5.	Patja, K.、Livanainen, M.、Vesala, H.、Oksanen, H.、Ruoppila, I.(2000)。Life expectancy of people with intellectual disability: A 35-year follow-up study。Journal of Intellectual Disability Research，44(5)，591-599。
6.	Baird, P. A.、Sadovnick, A. D.(1987)。Life Expectancy in Down Syndrome。The Journal of Pediatrics，110(6)，849-854。
7.	Cooper, S.A.(1997)。Deficient health and social service for elderly people with intellectual disabilities。Journal of Intellectual Disability Research，41，331-338。
8.	Cooke, L.B.(1997)。Cancer and Learning Disabilities。Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research，41，312-316。
9.	Das, J.P.、Divis, B.、Alexander, J.、Parrila, R.K.、Naglieri, J.A.(1995)。Cognitive Decline Due to Aging Among Persons with Down Syndrome。Research in Developmental Disabilities，16(6)，461-478。
10.	Das, J.P.、Mishra, R.K.(1995)。Assessment of Cognitive Decline Associated with Aging。A comparison of Individual with Down Syndrome and Other Etiologies，vol. 16,no.1 11-25。
11.	Evenhuis, H.M.(1995)。Medical Aspects of Ageing in a population with intellectual disabilities: I. Visual Impairment。Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research，39，19-26。
12.	Evenhuis, H. M.(1995)。Medical Aspects of Ageing in a population with intellectual disabilities: II. Hearing impairment。Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research，39，27-33。
13.	Evenhuis, H M.(1997)。Medical Aspects of Aging in a population with Intellectual Disability: III Mobility, internal conditions and cancer。Journal of Intellectual Disability Research，41(1)，8-18。
14.	Eyman, R.K.、Call, T. L.、White, J.F.(1991)。The life expectancy of persons with Down Syndrome。American Journal on Mental Retardation，95，603-612。
15.	Haveman, M.、Berkum, G.、Van, Reiinders, R.、Heller, T.(1997)。Differences in Service Needs, Time Demands and Care giving Burden Among Parents of Persons with Mental Retardation: Across the Life Cycle。Family Relation，46(4)，417-425。
16.	Janicki, M.P.、Davidson, P. W.、Henderson, C.M.、McCallion, P.、Taets, F.D.、Force, L.T.、Sulkes, S.B.、Frangenbery. E.、Ladrigan, P.M.(2002)。Health Characteristics and health services utilization in older adults with intellectual disabilities living in community residence。Journal of Intellectual disability Research，46(4)，287-298。
17.	Kapell, D., et al.(1998)。Prevalence of Chronic Medical Conditions in Adults with Mental Retardation: Comparison with General Population。Mental Retardation，36(4)，269-279。
18.	Larson, S.A., et al.(2001)。Prevalence of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities: Estimates From the 1994/1995 National Health Interview Survey Disability Supplements。American Journal of Mental Retardation，106(3)，231-253。
19.	McCarthy, J.M.、Mullan, E.(1996)。The Elderly with a Learning Disability(Mental Retardation): An Overview。International Psychogeriatrics，8(3)，489-501。
20.	RoBerts, I.M.、Curits, R.L.、Madara, J.L.(1986)。Gastroesophageal reflux and Barrett’s esophagus in development disabilities patients。American Journal Gastroenterol，81，519-523。
21.	Ross, E.、Oliver, C.(2002)。The relationship between levels of mood, interest and pleasure and challenging behavior in adults with severe and profound intellectual disabilities。Journal of Intellectual Disability Research，46(3)，191-197。
22.	Strauss, D.、Eyman, R.K.(1996)。Mortality of people with mental retardation in California with and without Down Syndrome1986-1991。American Journal of Mental Retardation，100，643-653。
23.	Strauss, D.、Shavelle, R.(1998)。Life expectancy of adults with cerebral palsy。Developmental and Child Neurology，40，369-375。
24.	Seltzer, G. B.、Begun, A.、Seltzer, M. M.、Krauss, M. W.(1991)。Adults with Mental Retardation and Their Aging Mothers: Impacts of Siblings。Family Relations，40(3)，310-317。
25.	Seltzer, M. M.、Greenber, J.S.、Gloyd, F.(2001)。Life course impact of parenting a child with a disability。American Journal of Mental Retardation，106(3)，265-286。
26.	Shultz, J.M.、Aman, M. G.、Rojahn, J.(1998)。Psychometric Evaluation of a Measure of Cognitive Decline in Elderly People with Mental Retardation。Research in Developmental Disabilities，19，163-171。
27.	Sutherland, G.、Couch, M.A.、Iacono, T.(2002)。Health Issues for Adults with Developmental Disabilities。Research in Developmental Disabilities，23，422-445。
28.	Young, L.、Sigafoos, J.、Ashman, A.、Grevell, P.(1998)。Deinstitutionalization of persons with intellectual disabilities: A review of Australian studies。Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability，23，155-170。
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圖書
1.	內政部(2002)。身心障礙者保護法相關法規彙編。台北。延伸查詢
2.	American Association on Mental Retardation(2001)。Mental Retardation: Definition, Classification and System of Support。Washing DC。
3.	Batshaw, M. L.、Perret, Y. M.(1992)。Children with Disabilities: A Medical Primer。Baltimore：Paul. H. Brookes。
4.	Henderson, C.M.、Davidson, P.W.(2000)。Comprehensive Adult and Geriatric Assessment。Community Supports for Aging Adults with Lifelong Disabilities \\ Matthew, P. Janicik ; Ansello, Edward F. (ed.)。Baltimore。
5.	Horwitz, S.M.、Kerter, B.D.、Owens, P.L.、Zigler, E.(2000)。The health status and needs of individual with mental retardation。Connecticut。
6.	Jacobson, J. W.、Sutton, M.S.、Janicki, M.P.(1985)。Demographic and Characteristics of Aging and Mental Retardation。Aging and Developmental Disabilities: Issues and Approaches \\ Janicki, M.P. ; Wisniewski, H. M. (ed.)。Baltimore。
7.	Janicki. M.P.(1994)。Policy and Support for Older Persons with Mental Retardation。Life Course Perspectives on Adulthood and Old Age \\ Seltzer, M. ; Krauss, M.W. ; Janicki, M.P. (ed.)。
8.	Lubin, R. A.、Keily, M.(1985)。Epidemiology of Aging in Developmental Disabilities。Aging and Developmental Disabilities: Issues and Approaches \\ Janicki, M.P. ; Wisniewski, H. M. (ed.)。Baltimore。
9.	Ludwik S. S.(1994)。Mental Retardation and Mental Health: Concepts, Aetiology and incidence。Mental Health in Mental Retardation \\ Bouras, Nick (ed.)。Cambridge。
10.	Shapiro, Bruce(1992)。Normal and Abnormal Development: Mental Retardation。Children with Disabilities: A Medical Primer \\ Batshaw, M. ; Perret, Y. M. (ed.)。Baltimore。
11.	WHO(2000)。Healthy Ageing-Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Physical Health Issue。Geneva。

其他
1.	內政部，勞委會，衛生署(2000)。身心障礙國民生活需求調查報告，台北。延伸查詢

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