What Good Are Elections?--An Anthropological Analysis of American Elections_

:::

詳目顯示

第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆

/1頁

來源文獻資料
摘要
外文摘要
引文資料

題名：	What Good Are Elections?--An Anthropological Analysis of American Elections
書刊名：	臺灣人類學刊
作者：	Damon,Frederick H.
出版日期：	2003
卷期：	1:2
頁次：	頁39-81
主題關鍵詞：	美國；選舉；儀式分析；結構主義；意識形態；United States；Elections；Ritual analysis；Structuralism；Ideology
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:58

　　　　　人類學是在西方社會企圖瞭解與秩序化非西方社會之際而發展出來的。本文即是利用該段歷史中所開拓出的知識工具，來檢視一項屬於目前西方的霸權社會－美國－最根本的實踐之一，選舉。文中將選舉視為儀式過程，並提出有關這個習俗之形式與作用的相關假說。作者認為選舉在美國是一種儀式建構，深深地嵌在美國的歷史與結構裡，以及其在世界體系中的位置。職正之故，這套選舉儀式實踐並不必然地適用於其他地方。除了民族誌及理論上的旨趣，本文亦加入了應用人類學的討論。文中運用美國開國至今的材料，以具有典範地位的總統大選為例，描述四種構成選舉之不同、卻又彼此息息相關的元素。首先是一套「自然」╱「文化」對比在美國的運作方式。這一組對比是美國文化�堻怑垠n的宇宙觀秩序的機制。它已內化於親屬結構和過程當中；而早在十八世紀，美國就已藉此機制在世界體系中形塑國家的認同。第二個儀式典範，顯示了有關通過儀式之一套結構概念可以用來組織大選這段時期的時間。在候選人宣告參選的分隔儀式以及總統當選人就職大典的整合儀式之間，存在著一個我們已可預知的倒轉(inversions)與顯露出危機之中介時期。第三個儀式典範是藉是對「非洲戲謔關係」(African joking relationships)的分析，來勾勒出選舉中介時期，某些儀式行為中看似更荒誕不經的面向。藉由美國選舉與東非戲謔關係間顯著的差異，作者指出政客與政治策略暫時性地出現在美國的教育結構內這一種古怪的現象。戲謔關係的比喻是要指出這一類的儀式，顯然對於美國平民大眾來說不太具有說服力;而醜聞和控訴行徑反而逐漸成為美國政治對話的途徑。對人類學家而言，這類看似巫術指控的行為，似乎取代了另一套未成功的行動模式。最後一個範式則回到選舉結構與教育之實踐兩者間的關係來談。作者認為整個選舉的公式就如同一種儀式的構思，將美國人的意識暫時地轉移到機械性聯結的意象（image of mechanic solidarity）。美國教育結構原本旨在創造出有機的差異（organic differences）,而選舉卻透過其儀式性過性，倒轉了這原本受教育結構所影響的改變。本來美國教育制度的基本理念，是將具有相等潛能的小孩塑造出社會角色極為不同的各色人等，選舉卻將這些顯而易見的差異重新再組合成一種想像的與暫時性的平等。

以文找文

　　　　　Devised by anthropologists to look at non-Western societies, this paper uses anthropological ideas about rituals to analyze elections in United States culture, the self-professed exemplar for the world. The argument is that elections are a ritual structure deeply imbedded in the history and structure of the United States, and its place in the world-system. And, therefore, this is not a ritual practice that can be or should be considered necessarily appropriate for other places. In addition to its ethnographic and theoretical interests, then, the paper is a contribution to applied anthropology. Using data from the earliest years of the country's existence to the present, and focusing on presidential elections, it outlines four different but interrelated schemes that organize the practices. The first follows from the way a Nature/Culture contrast operates. The second employs standard ideas about rites of passage. An analysis of African joking relationships is used to delineate relationships internal to the rites of passage structure. The final model outlines how the entire ritual edifice accomplishes a temporary shift in United States consciousness into an image of mechanical solidarity. Through its ritual process, elections invert transformations effected by United States educational structures, which serve to produce organic differences.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Beidelman, T. O.(1966)。Swazi Royal Ritual。Africa，36(4)，373-405。
2.	Beidelman, T. O.(1966)。Utani: Some Kaguru Notions of Death, Sexuality and Affinity。Southwestern Journal of Anthropology，22(4)，354-381。
3.	Dumont, L. E.(1987)。Correspondence。Man(n.s.)，22(4)，747-748。
4.	Ong, A.(1992)。Limits to Cultural Accumulation: Chinese Capitalists on the American Pacific Rim。Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences，64，125-143。
5.	Panoff, M.(1988)。Du Mythe? La propaganda: un cas m? lan? sian。L'Homme，28(2/ 3)，252-262。
6.	Wills, G.(1997)。The Front Page。The New York Review of Books，44。
7.	Woodward Vann, C.(1988)。The Election and the Future: A Symposium。The New York Review of Books，35。

會議論文
1.	Schneider, D. M.(1970)。Kinship, Nationality and Religion in American Culture。沒有紀錄。

圖書
1.	Schneider, David Murray(1980)。American Kinship: A Cultural Account。University of Chicago Press。
2.	Lévi-Strauss, Claude、Jacobson, Claire(1963)。Structural Anthropology。New York：Basic Books。
3.	Sahlins, Marshall(1985)。Islands of History。Chicago：New York：University of Chicago Press：Tavistock Publcations。
4.	Kapferer, Bruce(1988)。Legends of People, Myths of State: Violence, Intolerance, and Political Culture in Sri Lanka and Australia。London：Washington, DC：Smithsonian Institution Press。
5.	Wallerstein, Immanuel(1989)。The Modern World-System, Vol. 3: The Second Era of Great Expansion of the Capitalist World-Economy, 1600-1750。New York：Academic Press。
6.	Lévi-Strauss, Claude、Weidenfeld, G.(1966)。The Savage Mind。University of Chicago Press。
7.	Turner, Victor Witter(1957)。Schism and Continuity in an African Society: A Study of Ndembu Village Life。Manchester：Manchester University Press。
8.	Wallerstein, Immanuel(1974)。The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century。New York：Academic Press。
9.	Burke, Kenneth(1969)。A grammar of motives。University of California Press。
10.	Wallerstein, Immanuel(1980)。The Modern World-System II: Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World-Economy, 1600-1750。New York：Academic Press。
11.	Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko(1993)。Rice as self: Japanese Identities through Time。Princeton University Press。
12.	Turner, Victor(1967)。The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritural。Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press。
13.	Van Gennep, Arnold、Vizedom, Monika B.、Caffee, Gabrielle L.、Kimball, Solon(1960)。The Rites of Passage。University of Chicago Press。
14.	Baltzell, E. D.(1966)。The Protestant Establishment: Aristocracy and Caste in America。The Protestant Establishment: Aristocracy and Caste in America。New York, NY。
15.	Bancroft, G.(1858)。History of the UnitedStates: From the Discovery of the American Continent, vol.4。History of the UnitedStates: From the Discovery of the American Continent, vol.4。Boston, MA。
16.	Barnett, S.、Silverman, M. G.(1979)。Ideology and Everyday Life: Anthropology, Neomarxist Thought, and the Problem of Ideology and the Social Whole。Ideology and Everyday Life: Anthropology, Neomarxist Thought, and the Problem of Ideology and the Social Whole。Ann Arbor, MI。
17.	Boller, P. F.(1984)。Presidential Campaigns。Presidential Campaigns。New York, NY。
18.	Burner, D.、Genovese, E. D.、McDonald, F.(1980)。The American People。The American People。New York, NY。
19.	Chancellor, J.(1990)。Peril and Promise: A Commentary on America。Peril and Promise: A Commentary on America。New York, NY。
20.	Conason, J.、Lyons, G.(2000)。The Hunting of the President。The Hunting of the President。New York, NY。
21.	Crapanzano, V.(2000)。Serving the World: Literalism in America from the Pulpit to the Bench。Serving the World: Literalism in America from the Pulpit to the Bench。New York, NY。
22.	Didion, J.(2001)。Political Fictions。Political Fictions。New York, NY。
23.	Dumont, L. E.(1986)。The Political Category and the State from the Thirteenth Century Onward。Essays on Individualism: Modern Ideology in Anthropological Perspective。Chicago, IL。
24.	Epstein, Edward Jay(1996)。Dossier: The Secret History of Armand Hammer。Dossier: The Secret History of Armand Hammer。New York, NY。
25.	Flannery, T. F.(2001)。The Eternal Frontier。The Eternal Frontier。New York, NY。
26.	Harden, B.(1996)。A River Lost: The Life and Death of the Columbia。A River Lost: The Life and Death of the Columbia。New York, NY。
27.	Hayden, I.(1987)。Symbol and Privilege: The Ritual Context of British Royalty。Symbol and Privilege: The Ritual Context of British Royalty。Tucson, AZ。
28.	Leach, E. R.(2000)。Once a Knight is Quite Enough。The Essential Edmund Leach, vol.1: Anthropology and Society。New Haven, CT。
29.	Lewis, C.(1998)。The Buying of the Congress: How Special Interests Have Stolen Your Right to Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness。The Buying of the Congress: How Special Interests Have Stolen Your Right to Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness。New York, NY。
30.	Lewis, M.(1989)。Liar's Poker。Liar's Poker。New York, NY。
31.	Links, A. S.(1965)。Wilson, Campaigns for Progressivism and Peace。Wilson, Campaigns for Progressivism and Peace。Princeton。
32.	McMaster, J. B.(1915)。A History of the People of the United States, vol.6。A History of the People of the United States, vol.6。New York, NY。
33.	Mooney, C. C.(1974)。William H. Crawford, 1772-1834.。William H. Crawford, 1772-1834.。Lexington, KY。
34.	Noble, D. W.(1965)。Historians Against History: The Frontier Thesis in American Historical Thought。Historians Against History: The Frontier Thesis in American Historical Thought。Minneapolis, MN。
35.	Noble, David W.(1985)。The End of American History: Democracy, Capitalism, and the Metaphor of Two Worlds in Anglo-American Historical Writing, 1880-1980。Minneapolis, MN：University of Minnesota Press。
36.	Noble, David W.(2002)。Death of a Nation: American Culture and the End of Exceptionalism。Minneapolis, MN：University of Minnesota Press。
37.	Palast, G.(2002)。The Best Democracy Money Can Buy: An Investigative Report Exposes the Truth about Globalization, Corporate Cons, and High Finance Fraudsters。The Best Democracy Money Can Buy: An Investigative Report Exposes the Truth about Globalization, Corporate Cons, and High Finance Fraudsters。London, UK/ Sterling, VA。
38.	Perin, C.(1977)。Everything in Its Place。Everything in Its Place。Princeton。
39.	Ruesch, J.、Bateson, G.(1951)。Communication: The Social Matrix of Psychiatry。Communication: The Social Matrix of Psychiatry。New York, NY。
40.	Rzwenc, E. C.、Bender, T.(1978)。The Making of American Society: An Institutional and Intellectual History of the United States, 2 vols。The Making of American Society: An Institutional and Intellectual History of the United States, 2 vols。New York, NY。
41.	Schlosser, E.(2001)。Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal。Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal。Boston, MA。
42.	Stewart, J. B.(1991)。Den of Thieves: The Untold Story of the Men Who Plundered Wall Street and the Chase that Brought Them Down。Den of Thieves: The Untold Story of the Men Who Plundered Wall Street and the Chase that Brought Them Down。New York, NY。
43.	Wallace, A. F. C.(1978)。Rockdale: The Growth of an American Village in the Early Industrial Revolution。Rockdale: The Growth of an American Village in the Early Industrial Revolution。New York, NY。
44.	Zuckerman, L.(1998)。The Potato: How the Humble Spud Rescued the Western World。The Potato: How the Humble Spud Rescued the Western World。Boston, MA/ London, UK。

圖書論文
1.	Leach, E. R.(1961)。Two Essays concerning the Symbolic Representation of Time。Rethinking Anthropology。London：University of London。
2.	Geertz, Clifford(2000)。Anti Anti-Relativism。Available Light: Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics。Princeton University Press。

推文
推薦
引用網址
引用嵌入語法
轉寄

top

:::

相關期刊
相關論文
相關專書
相關著作
熱門點閱

1.	美國政府反恐政策之演進：意識形態、外交理念與實踐
2.	美國核心價值觀的傳播話語改造分析
3.	誰在危害我們的食品安全？--2013~2014年黑心油事件與民眾食品安全認知的調査研究計畫
4.	美國選舉後的國內局勢變化
5.	2008年與2010年選舉的變遷與持續[評Paul R. Abramson, John H. Aldrich, and David W. Rohde, «Change and Continuity in the 2008 and 2010 Elections (2008年與2010年選舉的變遷與持續)» (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2012)]
6.	書評：Bruce Bimber and Richard Davis, «Campaigning Online: The Internet in U.S. Elections» (線上競選：網際網路在美國選舉的使用)
7.	俄羅斯國家觀念與本質探討
8.	美國總統選舉芻議
9.	政治理念與公共政策: 一九八四年美國全國選舉研究之觀察
10.	一九八六年美國期中選舉
11.	The ideology of American China policy, 1945-1960
12.	試析美國總統選舉之「公費競選」制度

無相關博士論文

1.	世紀憲法判決：布希控高爾案之分析
2.	美國媒介與選舉

無相關著作

無相關點閱

QR Code

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

詳目顯示

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫