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題名:鹹海環境退化之原因及影響
書刊名:正修通識教育學報
作者:于蕙清
出版日期:2004
卷期:1
頁次:頁327-349
主題關鍵詞:鹹海環境退化政治
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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淡水是極珍貴之資源,許多專家預言淡水可能是未來衝突之引爆點。在昔日蘇聯棉花單作政策之影響下,鹹海日漸乾涸。除了鹹海縮減外,尚造成許多與環境有關的變遷(如河水、海水污染,空氣品質惡化,人類健康受損,沙漠化,氣候變遷等)。要如何減緩、遏止、甚至扭轉日漸嚴重的負面變化,決策者幾乎拿不出對策。此悲劇被稱為前蘇聯時代的「寧靜的車諾堡事件」,鹹海的消失也被公認是二十世紀最大的人為環境退化。 據聯合國專家估計,鹹海將於2020年之前自地表消失。中亞五國不斷重申鹹海乾涸是全球性災難,且若無國際援助則幾乎不可能挽救之。然而,在中亞五國獨立後,國際社會已提供許多援助以減緩環境退化,但五國幾乎沒有採取實際行動拯救鹹海。本論文認為鹹海危機的根源不是技術問題,而在政治原因,並將人為活動與自然環境變遷間的關係建立一個模型。
期刊論文
1.Matthew, Richard、Gaulin, Ted(200105)。Conflict or Cooperation? The Social and Political Impact of Resource Scarcity on Small Island States。Global Environmental Politics,May,48-70。  new window
2.Gleason, Gregory(2001)。Inter-State Cooperation in Central Asia from the CIS to the Shanghai Forum。Europe-Asia Studies,53(7),1077-1095。  new window
3.Mckinney, Daene C.、Cai, Ximing(2002)。Linking GIS and Water Resources Management Models: An Object-oriented Method。Environmental Modelling & Software,17,413-425。  new window
4.Small, Ian、Van der Meer, J.、Upshur, R. E. G.(200106)。Acting on an Environmental Health Disaster: The Case of the Aral Sea。Environmental Health Perspectives,109(6),547-549。  new window
會議論文
1.汪靜明(2000)。環境教育哲學的生態觀。第四屆當代教育哲學--環境教育哲學學術研討會。臺北市:中央研究院歐美研究所。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.Cai, Ximing、Mckinney, Caene C.、Rosegrant, Mark W.(2001)。Sustainability Analysis for Irrigation Water Management: Concepts, Methodology, and Application to the Aral Sea Region。Washington:Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute。  new window
學位論文
1.張益誠(2001)。應用因子分析方法為臺灣地區建構永續發展趨勢評估指標系統(博士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Khazanov, Anatoly M.(1995)。After the USSR--Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Politics in the Commonwealth of Independent States。Madison:The University of Wisconsin Press。  new window
2.World Commission on Environment and Development、柯金良、王之佳(1992)。我們共同的未來。臺北:臺灣地球日出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.Smith, Hedrick、臺灣中華書局編譯組(1992)。民主風暴--蛻變中的俄羅斯。臺北市:臺灣中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
4.Allenby, Braden R.(1999)。Industrial Ecology--Policy Framework and Implementation。Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:Prentice Hall。  new window
5.Crighton, Eric、van der Meers, Joost、Yagodin, Vodim、Elliot, Susan(1999)。Impact of an Environmental Disaster on Psychosocial Health and Well-Being in Karakalpakstan: First Results of a Community Survey。Tashkent:Medecins Sans Frontieres Aral Sea Area Program。  new window
6.Engelmann, Kurt、Pavlakovic, Vjeran(2001)。Rural Development in Eurasia and the Middle East: Land Reform, Demographic Change, and Environmental Constraints。Seattle:University of Washington Press。  new window
7.Lubin, Nancy(1999)。Calming the Ferghana Valley--Development and Dialogue in the Heart of Central Asia。New York:The Century Foundation Press。  new window
8.World Bank(2000)。Syr Darya Control and Northern Aral Sea Project: Environmental Assessment Executive Summary。Amherm:ARCADIS Euroconsult。  new window
9.Chatteijee, Partha(1993)。The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories。Princeton:Princeton University Press。  new window
10.Weinthal, Erika(2002)。State Making and Environmental Cooperation--Linking Domestic and InternationalPolitics in Central Asia。Cambridge:The MIT Press。  new window
11.Beck, Ulrich、孫治本(1999)。全球化危機:全球化的形成、風險與機會。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.林志恆(2004)。垂死之海,鹹海輓歌,http://taipei.tzuchi.org.tw/rhythms/magazine/content//56/2/centerasia2.htm, 2004/02/28。  new window
2.(2004)。Aral Sea Region, Kyzylorda Oblast, Kazakhstan,http://nailaokda.8m.com/aral.html, 2004/02/29。  new window
3.(20021010)。With Aral Sea Facing Extinction, Central Asian Leaders Fall Back on Words Rather than Action,http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/environment/articles/eavl01002.shtml, 2004/02/29。  new window
4.Biliouri, Daphne(20000112)。The International Response to the Aral Sea,http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/environment/articles/eav010600.shtml, 2004/02/29。  new window
5.Darrow, Siobnau(20000113)。There Be Enough to Drink?,http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/01/03/millennium.water/index.htm, 2003/12/20。  new window
6.Dubrovskaya, Elena(20020425)。International Doctors Battle Drying Sea in Uzbek Epidemic,http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/environment/articles/eav042502.shtml, 2004/02/29。  new window
7.Hidalgo, Louise(2004)。Aral Sea Poison Dust Danger,http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_64700/647732.stm, 2004/02/29。  new window
8.Kirby, Alex(2004)。Dawn of a Thirsty Century,http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_755000/755497.stm, 2004/02/29。  new window
9.Shaikh, Alanna(20010709)。While Urgench Drinks, the Uzbek Desert Approaches,http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/environment/articles/eav070901.shtml, 2004/02/29。  new window
10.黃建育(20040223)。氣候驟變資源有限國際將掀爭奪戰,http://news.chinatimes.com/Chinatimes/newslist/newslist-content/0?3546,110501+112004022300009,00.html, 2004/02/29。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.於幼華(1998)。環境問題的發生。環境與人。臺北市:遠流。  延伸查詢new window
2.傅仁坤(2002)。當前中亞五國政經現況與展望。中亞--神秘豐富的國度。中壢市:清雲技術學院歐亞研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
3.Abdirakmanov, O.(1988)。A Word on Aral。Central Eurasian Water Crisis--Caspian, Aral, and Dead Sea。Tokyo:The United Nations University。  new window
4.Glantz, Michael H.(1998)。Creeping Environmental Problems in the Aral Sea Basin。Central Eurasian Water Crisis--Caspian, Aral, and Dead Seas。Tokyo:The United Nations University。  new window
5.Glantz, Michael H.、Zonn, Igor S.(199109)。A Quiet Chernobyl。The World & I。  new window
6.Micklin, Philip(2001)。Managing Transnational Waters of the Aral Sea Basin: A Geographical Perspective。Rural Development in Eurasia and the Middle East: Land Reform, Demographic Change, and Environmental Constraints。Seattle:University of Washington Press。  new window
7.Zonn, Igor S.(1999)。The Impact of Political Ideology on Creeping Environmental Changes in the Aral Sea Basin。Creeping Environmental Problems and Sustainable Development in the Aral Sea Basin。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Horsman, S.(2001)。Water in Central Asia: Regional Cooperation or Conflict?。Central Asia Security--The New International Context。London:Royal Institution of International Affairs。  new window
 
 
 
 
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