Maps are indispensable tools for human life, and the ability to use map is essential portion of living skills. The formal education of map-use is originated from primary school. It was one of the important topic lessons in social education. In this paper, the map-use ability of primary school students of grade 5-6 has been discussed, that based on the theory of children's cognitive development. The studying items include four dimensions: coordinate location, spatial orientation, measurement, and symbolization. That has formed the basis of study-ability criteria on map-use in primary school, so as to design the sampling test of map-use ability. The number of sampling subjects of 2721 were chose from over Taiwan area, that were composed of three parts: urban, rural, and aboriginal. The relationships between the four-dimensions and the topics of regional, sexual, study-grade were discussed. The survey analysis has showed the following results: student's map-ability is higher in the urban schools, downgrade n rural, and the lowest in the aboriginal. Sexual difference is not obvious whatever the affection of regional difference. The age-difference in symbolization ability is significant that 6-grade is better than 5-grade students. But the well-organized textbooks can used to promote the spatial orientation ability in 5-grade. In the final part of the paper, the map-learning competency indicators have been derived from discussion of the sampling results of 5-6 grade social courses.