維根斯坦在科學詧學的發展中，佔據關鍵地位。然而，這個地位多指涉他「前期哲學」的思想，對於「後期哲學」與科學哲學之間關係的論述，一般則較為少見。本文基顧點，企圖論證，「維氏後期哲學」不但與科學哲學發展息息相關，還在該學門自二十世紀六○年代所引發的變化中，粉演重要角色。有主要論點中於下列五項：首先，從維氏原典中，檢視他的哲學與定之間的關係，並因而解釋「前後期維氏哲學」的差別，即在於對科常所持有的不同態度。其次，在二十世紀六○年代以來，相對於「維氏前後期哲學」，科學哲學中也出現了兩種不同探應科學本質的立場，第三，我們針對「維氏前期哲學」的影響「維也納學圈」的過程提出詮釋，並以「證實原則」作為一個討論的核心概念。第四，我們將論證，對於維氏而言，「證實」可以有兩種理解，分別代表「維氏前後期哲學」。換言之，雖然「維氏哲學」分為前後期，但是其共同關懷的問題依然是「命題證實」的問題，只是在「前後期」中，「證實問題」之意義已經完全不同，第五，我們認為，所謂的「後實證科學哲學」，亦是在「後期維氏哲學」影響之下的產物。最後，我們在〈結論〉中述及，科學詧學在維氏影響之下，締造出一個具有進步意義的轉變。

The position of Wittgenstein’s philosophy in the development of philosophy of science holds a role of crucial importance. However, this position refers practically to the early philosophy of Wittgenstein. With regard to Wittgenstein’s later philosophy, we are aware of the fact that its reference to philosophy of science is rarely mentioned. Basing on this fact, this article intends to argue that Wittgenstein’s later philosophy not only closely relates to philosophy of science, but also plays an important role during the years of 1960S when the main trends of philosophy of science undergo transitional changes. This article concentrates its argument on the following five points: First, interpreting Wittgenstein’s text by explaining the idea that his divergent views of the relationship between philosophy and science refer to the difference between his early and later philosophies. Secondly, corresponding to Wittgenstein’s early and later philosophies, a similar change of attitudes equally took place in philosophy of science during 1960S. thirdly, influencing the Vienna Circle, Wittgenstein’s ‘principle of verification’ turned out to be a focal point of discussion. The fourth part will contribute to Wittgenstein’s changing interpretations of ‘the principle of verification’, referring to the difference between his early and later philosophies. The final point argues that the so-called ‘post-positivistic philosophy of science’ developed under the influence of the later philosophy of Wittgenstein. In conclusion, we affirms the stand that under the influence of Wittgenstein, philosophy of since is engaged with a significant change of progress by taking the practical aspects of science into account.