As translation involves two languages, comparative studies of language must be applied. The differences between Japanese and Chinese in word order, images of thinking (associated meanings), accustomed metaphors, characters, expressions and other aspects result in the difficulties and obstacles in Japanese-Chinese and Chinese-Japanese translation, therefore should be analyzed. “Likeness in meaning” principle concerns both the standard and the target of translation. Only by following the principle of “likeness in meaning” can we handle the relation between words and meanings, forms and contents, literal and deep meanings. The conformity of Chinese or Japanese culture is a key means of ensuring the standard and aim of translation as well as one of the ways to avoid Chinese-like Japanese or Japanese-like Chinese; therefore attention must be paid in aspects such as form, meaning, culture and characteristic quality.