本研究旨在探討大一男女學生的運動行為與健康狀況的關係。以一千八百四十二位大一學生為研究對象，實施「運動行為與健康狀態」問卷調查及「健康體適能」檢測。所得資料經分析比較得到以下結論： 一、運動行為現況：整體而言大一學生偏愛從事中強度運動方式 (69.09%) ，但仍有高達41.04% 的女生選擇低強度運動。79.52% 的受試者每週運動頻數達兩天以上，40.82% 的學生每次從事運動的平均時間在五十分鐘以上。研究也發現無規律運動行為者佔59.90% 顯著高於有規律運動行為者(P<0.05)。大一男女學生從事運動的主要誘因為「興趣」、「健康」與「減重」，然而以「沒有時間」、「沒有運動伙伴」及「欠缺運動環境」，是阻礙大多數受試學生從事規律運動的因素。 二、健康狀況現況：（一）健康體適能部份：本研究中男生肌力與肌耐力優於台灣地區大專院校體適能常模，但女生的瞬發力較常模值差。男生在身體組成與柔軟度較大專常模差，女生則兩項測量值均優於常模，心肺耐力部分本研究對象皆優於常模。其中有規律運動行為的大一新生，除身體組成及柔軟度外，瞬發力、肌力、肌耐力及心肺耐力皆顯著優於無規律運動行為者（P<0.05）。（二）健保使用部份：研究對象全年平均健保使用次數為6.60 次，其中有規律運動行為者以平均5.90 次顯著低於無規律運動行為者的7.07 次（P<0.05）。 學校體育的價值在於促進學生身心健康，從事規律的運動行為可以提昇健康體適能、降低罹病率並達預防慢性疾病的目的。大學時期是青年進入社會的最後一個教育養成階段，因此如何藉由體育專業課程與活動安排，養成學生終生運動的行為，是體育專業人員責無旁貸的目標。

The purpose of this study is mainly to investigate the relationship between exercise behavior and human health. The subjects included 1,842 freshmen from four colleges. The data were collected from an exercise behavior questionnaire, a physical-fitness test and the record of medical treatment. The conclusions are: 1. Exercise behavior: (1) 69.09% of the female students were involved in moderate or light strenuous exercise. 41.04% of the male subjects favored high or medium strenuous exercise. (2) 79.52% of the subjects took part in exercise more than two times every week. (3) While taking part in physical activities, 40.82% of the subjects always exercised more than 50 minutes each time. (4) 40.10% of the subjects were regular exercisers. (5) The reasons for students to be involved in physical activities were interest, health and weight-control. Being busy, lacking a partner or having no exercise environment were the major reasons given preventing students from becoming regular exercisers. 2. Health condition: (1) The subjects showed a higher score in the 1600 meters test than the norm. In the body-composition and flexibility test, the female subjects showed a higher score than the norm, but the female subjects were negative. (2) Regular exercisers showed a higher score in the physical-fitness test than those who were not regular exercisers except in body-composition and flexibility. (3) The male and female subjects who were not the regular exercisers required medical treatment 6.6 and 7.65 times respectively; these rates were higher than the regular exercisers whose averages were 5.74 and 6.37 times respectively (P<0.05). The regular exercisers showed a higher score inthe physical-fitness test and less frequency of medical treatment. But, the percentage of the college students who were regular exercisers was still far below the expectation. For this reason, the way to cultivate the regular habit of exercise is an important subject on campus.